With the progress of targeted therapy and immunotherapy for lung cancer, the clinical demand for lung biopsy is increasing. An ideal biopsy specimen can be used not only for histopathological diagnosis, but also for biomarker detection. The ideal biopsy specimen should meet two requirements, including more than 60 mm2 of tumor tissue and containing more than 20% of tumor cells. In order to obtain ideal lung cancer biopsy specimens, advanced imaging techniques are needed to help. In this article, we reviewed the requirements for biopsy specimens based on biomarker detection, as well as the current status and research progress of using imaging techniques for preoperative planning and intraoperative real time guidance of lung cancer biopsy. .【中文题目：影像计划和实时引导肺癌穿刺活检 在生物标志物检测中的进展】 【中文摘要：随着肺癌个体化治疗的进展，临床对肺癌穿刺活检样本的要求越来越高。一个理想的肺癌活检样本不仅可以实现组织病理学诊断，还能够用于生物标志物检测。理想的活检样本需符合至少60 mm2的肿瘤组织和其内的瘤细胞占比在20%以上。要想获取理想的肺癌穿刺活检样本，就需要先进的影像技术予以帮助。本文就基于生物标志物检测对活检样本的要求及影像在肺癌穿刺活检术前计划穿刺路径及术中实时引导穿刺活检的现状和研究进展予以综述。 】 【中文关键词：肺肿瘤；活检；生物标志物检测；影像】.
It is shown by test results that the breakdown voltage of insulating material under high field decreases with the increase of free-radical concentration. The concentration of free-radical can be taken as a characteristic parameter to measure the extent of electrical damage in insulating material. In order to enhance the stability of insulating material under high stress, the free-radical scavengers are added into several test samples in this paper. Test results show that the breakdown strength of polyethylene thin plate aged under corona and the initiation voltage of treeing in polyethylene increase greatly. The gassing behaviours of transformer oil under high field can also be improved. Finally the inhibition mechanism of free-radical scavenger is discussed.
The sea cucumber lysozyme belongs to the family of invertebrate lysozymes and is thought to be a key defense factor in protecting aquaculture animals against bacterial infection. Recently, evidence was found that the sea cucumber lysozyme exerts broad spectrum antimicrobial action in vitro against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, and it also has more potent antimicrobial activity independent of its enzymatic activity. To explore the antimicrobial role of this non-enzymatic lysozyme and model its structure to novel antimicrobial peptides, the peptide from the C-terminal amino acid residues 70–146 of the sea cucumber lysozyme in Stichopus japonicus (SjLys-C) was heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli Rosetta(DE3)pLysS. The fusion protein system led to over-expression of the soluble and highly stable product, an approximate 26 kDa recombinant SjLys-C protein (rSjLys-C). The present study showed that rSjLys-C displayed strong antimicrobial activity against the tested Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. In particular, the heat-treated rSjLys-C exhibited more inhibitive activity than the native rSjLys-C. The structural analysis of SjLys-C showed that it is a typical hydrophilic peptide and contains a helix-loop-helix motif. The modeling of SjLys-C molecular structures at different temperatures revealed that the tertiary structure of SjLys-C at 100°C underwent a conformational change which is favorable for enhancing antimicrobial activity. These results indicate that the expressed rSjLys-C is a highly soluble product and has a strong antimicrobial activity. Therefore, gaining a large quantity of biologically active rSjLys-C will be used for further biochemical and structural studies and provide a potential use in aquaculture and medicine.
Identifying genetic variants with pleiotropic associations can uncover common pathways influencing multiple cancers. We took a two-stage approach to conduct genome-wide association studies for lung, ovary, breast, prostate, and colorectal cancer from the GAME-ON/GECCO Network (61,851 cases, 61,820 controls) to identify pleiotropic loci. Findings were replicated in independent association studies (55,789 cases, 330,490 controls). We identified a novel pleiotropic association at 1q22 involving breast and lung squamous cell carcinoma, with eQTL analysis showing an association with ADAM15/THBS3 gene expression in lung. We also identified a known breast cancer locus CASP8/ALS2CR12 associated with prostate cancer, a known cancer locus atCDKN2B-AS1 with different variants associated with lung adenocarcinoma and prostate cancer, and confirmed the associations of a breast BRCA2 locus with lung and serous ovarian cancer. This is the largest study to date examining pleiotropy across multiple cancer-associated loci, identifying common mechanisms of cancer development and progression. (C) 2016 AACR.
Abstract Zeaxanthin is produced by a series of enzyme catalytic reactions. β-carotene hydroxylase is a key rate-limiting enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of β-carotene to zeaxanthin. The purpose of this study was to clone and express the Spirulina platensis β-carotene hydroxylase gene ( SpcrtR ) in E. coli . SpcrtR was amplified using specific primers and cloned in vector pGEX-6p-1, the SpcrtR protein (35kDa) was expressed from pGEX-6p-1- SpcrtR in E. coli . Gene expression was analyzed by SDS-PAGE and western blotting. The accumulation of carotenoids was detected by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). SDS-PAGE and western blotting analysis confirmed that SpcrtR protein (35kDa) was expressed in E. coli expression system. Further, the HPLC results demonstrated that SpcrtR can partially catalyze β-carotene to produce zeaxanthin in E. coli . Zeaxanthin and β-carotene yields in recombinant E.coli were 85.71% (±0.4%) and 14.7% (±0.6%), respectively. The results in our study verified that SpCRTR enzyme partially catalyzes the substrate β-carotene to form zeaxanthin. Overall, SpCRTR provides a new choice for enzymatic zeaxanthin production.
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