Bernd Luckas

Abstract During investigations on the occurrence and distribution of contaminants in coastal waters of the North Sea and the Baltic organochlorine compounds such as hexachlorobenzene (HCB), octachlorostyrene (OCS), hexachlorocyclohexane isomers (HCH), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane ( p, p' -DDT) and its metabolites and poly-chlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and heavy metals such as mercury, cadmium and lead were determined in a selected flatfish species (flounder, Platichthys flesus L.). The sampling network covered the outer estuaries of the rivers Weser and Elbe, the German Bight, the Danish North Sea coast and coastal regions of the south-western Baltic. Organochlorine compounds were determined by high-resolution glass capillary gas chromatography with electron capture detector after sample pretreatment and clean up. For the determination of heavy metals a multi-stage analytical procedure was used, in which graphite furnace (for Cd and Pb) resp. cold vapour (for Hg) atomic absorption spectrometry was combined with pre-instrumental separation and enrichment techniques. Evaluation of the data from the programme made obvious significant geographical differences in the levels and the pattern with regard to the substances involved. For HCB, OCS and Hg a crucial point of contamination within the German Bight was recognized that was apparently influenced to a large extent by the inflow of waters from the Elbe.

Hexachlorobenzene

Mercury

Platichthys

Baltic sea

10.1080/03067318708079837

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Phycotoxins in the marine environment: control of marine organisms for contamination with algal toxins

International Journal of Environment and Pollution (2000)

Bernd Luckas

On a global scale, the frequency and intensity of toxic algal blooms appear to be on the rise. There is also evidence of geographic spreading of toxic strains. Therefore, it is necessary to establish methods for the evaluation of possible hazards caused by the enrichment of algal toxins in the marine food chain. Different clinical types of algae-related poisoning have attracted scientific attention paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP), diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP), and amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP). In several countries, seafood specialties are consumed that may be contaminated with algal toxins that are associated with particular regions (NSP, ciguatera, tetrodotoxin). Bioassays with mice or rats are common methods for the determination of algal toxins. However, biological tests are not completely satisfactory, owing to the low sensitivity and the absence of pronounced variations; additionally, there is growing opposition to animal testing. Therefore, many studies are underway to determine algal toxins by chemical methods.

Diarrhetic shellfish poisoning

Marine toxin

Paralytic shellfish poisoning

Red tide

Ciguatera

Food poisoning

Shellfish Poisoning

10.1504/ijep.2000.002314

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