During 1988-89, studies were conducted to evaluate the immunization system in Conakry, Guinea. The first, a health facility survey, found that health staff screened the vaccination status of only 30% of children who presented for curative care. A sterile syringe and needle were used for less than half of the injections. In the second survey, key informant interviews with vaccinators and health centre chiefs showed that there were minimal lines of communication between health workers and the community, but that health workers did not perceive this to be a problem. Focus group discussions in the community revealed a high level of general knowledge about vaccine-preventable diseases. However, mothers did not know how many vaccinations their children should receive or by what age they should be completed. They complained of long waiting times in health centres, the high costs of vaccination, poor rapport with health workers, and the occurrence of abscesses after vaccination. The final study, a "knowledge, attitudes, and practice" community survey, showed that missed immunization opportunities and inappropriately timed vaccinations reduced potential vaccine coverage by almost 30% among children with vaccination cards. Higher socioeconomic status, delivery in hospital, and whether mothers perceived the vaccinations to be affordable affected whether the child began the immunization series. Once a child had entered the immunization system, completion of the series was determined by the mother's education level, employment status, and experience with vaccination services.Operational research studies of the immunization systems in Conakry, Guinea, conducted in 1988-89 following a series of mass campaigns, aided in the formulation of a comprehensive strategy for achieving high, sustained vaccination coverage. The first, an evaluation of service quality, found that only 30% of children who presented for treatment of diarrhea or malaria were screened by health center staff for their vaccination status; when injections were given, a sterile syringe and needle were used only half the time. In the second study, in-depth interviews with health workers revealed a lack of awareness of the importance of involving the community in immunization programs. In the third study, the focus group discussion technique was used to obtain users' perspectives on vaccination services. Mothers were supportive of vaccination, but lacked knowledge about the vaccination schedule and some complained about long waiting times, high costs of vaccines, a lack of rapport with health workers, and the occurrence of abscesses after vaccination. Finally, a KAP survey found that only 19% of eligible children had been completely vaccinated; an additional 19% had a sufficient number of contacts with the health center to be fully vaccinated, but had missed at least one opportunity. Factors associated with initial receipt of vaccine included higher socioeconomic status, hospital delivery, and the perception that vaccination was affordable, while the mother's educational level, employment status, and experience with the vaccination service were the key determinants of completion of the series. Taken together, these studies indicated a need for increased community involvement and efforts on the part of health personnel to reduce the number of missed opportunities for vaccination, especially in the curative sector.
Objetivou-se estimar a incidência global e em casos índices de hanseníase e traçar o perfil sócio demográfico em menores de 15 anos no município de Imperatriz, Maranhão. Realizou-se um estudo longitudinal retrospectivo dos casos de hanseníase no município, utilizando-se dados obtidos das notificações do agravo junto ao SINAN NET. A população do estudo compreendeu 284 casos novos notificados no período entre 2004 e 2010. A análise dos dados utilizou os testes Qui-quadrado de Pearson ou o Exato de Fischer. Evidenciou-se elevados coeficientes de detecção no ano de 2005 (83,38/ 100.000 hab.), incapacidade física no diagnóstico em 2004 (39,62%.) e de contatos examinados (24,44%). Houve predomínio de casos no sexo masculino (51,06%), cor parda (55,65%), faixa etária de 10–14 anos (60,22%) e com escolaridade média de 6–11 anos (59,8%). A maioria das formas clínicas notificadas foi do tipo indeterminada (40,13 %), tendo como predominante o grau de incapacidade física II (21,1 %). Não foram estatisticamente significantes as diferenças proporcionais entre as formas clínicas (p-valor=0,056); ao passo que a escolaridade apresentou associação significativa (p<0,0001) com a ocorrência da doença entre menores de 15 anos de idade. Conclui-se que a hanseníase continua uma doença de fácil disseminação, considerando a frequência de casos novos.
The monitoring and combined use of dietary supplements to restore adequate growth are paramount and highly recommended in child malnutrition, an important public health problem. The objective of this study was to analyze the effects of cashew nut seed flour in children with moderate malnutrition, treated at primary healthcare services. This is a randomized clinical trial conducted from April to October 2017 in the city of Imperatriz, Brazil. The sample comprised 30 children born at term, aged between 2 and 5 years, and newly diagnosed with malnutrition (60 days or less), randomized into experimental and control groups. The intervention consisted of daily intake of cashew nut seed flour. There was intragroup statistically significant difference in the glucose levels of children who were assigned to the control group (p=0.02) and in the glycated hemoglobin in the experimental group (p<0.01). Intergroup analysis of glycated hemoglobin levels showed statistically significant differences in favor of the experimental group (p=0.01). HDL and LDL had, respectively, increased and decreased in the experimental group. The use of cashew nut seed flour in a 24-week period had positive effects on glycated hemoglobin, HDL, and LDL parameters in moderately malnourished children.
To describe how life expectancy calculations can be used to demonstrate differences in mortality between populations of different socioeconomic status at each population census.Population data were obtained in five-year age-sex and deprivation groups at postcode sector level for the Greater Glasgow Health Board area for the censuses of 1981 and 1991. The numbers of deaths for the same groups were obtained for the three-year periods 1980-82 and 1990-92. Life expectancy tables were derived by applying mortality rates calculated from these data to a synthetic cohort of individuals. Regression analyses were applied to the tables thus derived to examine the relationships between census period, level of deprivation and life expectancy.Over the period 1980/82 to 1990/92 life expectancy of the age group 0-4 years increased by 2.1 years in males and 2.9 years in females, increases being greater in the more affluent areas. Differences in life expectancy between the geographically defined most deprived and most affluent areas increased from 7.4 to 9.0 years in males and from 5.9 to 6.0 years in females.Life expectancy is increasing in all socioeconomic groups, but particularly in the most affluent. We suggest that life expectancy values should be published routinely for different socioeconomic groupings. Over time these would illustrate more clearly the relationships between health policy and health outcomes, and would demonstrate whether policies are reducing inequalities and generally improving health.
800x600 ABSTRACT Objective: to identify the factors that are associated to the work accident, according to the Nursing team of the orthopedic sector. Method: cross-sectional study, with quantitative approach, performed with 26 Nursing professionals from the orthopedic sector of a public hospital. The data collection was performed with a form and the data, stored in the software SPSS 22, then analyzed, presented in tables and discussed with the literature. Results: it was observed that 57.6% of the Nursing staff reported the occurrence of work-related accidents in the last three months. Factors such as having more than one employment relationship and changes in sleep were associated with the occurrence of an occupational accident. Conclusion: the work accident is a frequent practice in the Nursing team working in the orthopedic sector, influenced by more than one employment relationship and changes in the professionals' sleep. Descriptors : Nursing; Nursing Team; Worker's Health; Work Accident. RESUMO Objetivo : identificar os fatores que estao associados ao acidente de trabalho, segundo a equipe de Enfermagem do setor de ortopedia. Metodo : estudo transversal, de abordagem quantitativa, realizado com 26 profissionais de Enfermagem do setor de ortopedia de um hospital publico. A coleta de dados foi realizada com um formulario e os dados, armazenados no software SPSS 22, em seguida, analisados, apresentados em tabelas e discutidos com a literatura. Resultados : observou-se que 57,6% dos trabalhadores da equipe de Enfermagem relataram a ocorrencia de acidentes de trabalho nos ultimos tres meses. Fatores como ter mais de um vinculo empregaticio e alteracoes no sono estavam associados a ocorrencia de acidente de trabalho. Conclusao : o acidente de trabalho e uma pratica frequente na equipe de Enfermagem que atua no setor de ortopedia hospitalar, influenciado por mais de um vinculo empregaticio e alteracoes no sono dos profissionais. Descritores : Enfermagem; Equipe de Enfermagem; Saude do Trabalhador; Acidente de Trabalho. RESUMEN Objetivo: identificar los factores que estan asociados al accidente de trabajo, segun el personal de Enfermeria del sector de ortopedia. Metodo: estudio transversal, enfoque cuantitativo, realizado con 26 profesionales de Enfermeria del sector de ortopedia de un hospital publico. Los datos fueron recogidos con un formulario y los datos, almacenados en el software SPSS 22, entonces analizados, presentados en tablas y discutidos con la literatura. Resultados: se observo que el 57,6% del personal de Enfermeria informo la ocurrencia de accidentes de trabajo en los ultimos tres meses. Factores como tener mas de un empleo y los cambios en el sueno fueron asociados con la ocurrencia de un accidente de trabajo. Conclusion: el accidente de trabajo es una practica frecuente en el personal de Enfermeria que actua en el hospital en el sector de ortopedia, influenciado por mas de un empleo y alteraciones en el sueno de los profesionales. Descriptores : Enfermeria; Personal de Enfermeria; Salud Ocupacional; Accidente de Trabajo. Normal 0 21 false false false PT-BR X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */
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Introduction: The analysis of factors associated with multibacillary leprosy is important for the development of strategies to mitigate the disease, which persists as a public health problem in Brazil and the world. The objective of this study was to verify the associations between sociodemographic and clinical-epidemiological variables and multibacillary leprosy in the state of northeastern Brazil. Methodology: This is a cross-sectional, analytical, and retrospective study, with a quantitative approach, carried out in 16 municipalities in the southwest of Maranhão State, northeastern Brazil. All cases of leprosy reported between January 2008 and December 2017 were considered. Sociodemographic and clinical-epidemiological variables were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The identification of the risk factors associated with multibacillary leprosy was conducted using Poisson regression models. The prevalence ratios and respective 95% confidence intervals were estimated using regression coefficients at a 5% significance level. Results: A total of 3,903 leprosy cases were analyzed. Individuals older than 15 years, males, with less than 8 years of education, with level I, II, or "not evaluated" disability, and with type 1 or 2 or both reactional states were more likely to have multibacillary leprosy. Therefore, these characteristics may be considered risk factors. No protective factors were identified. Conclusions: The investigation revealed important associations between risk factors and multibacillary leprosy. The findings can be considered during the creation of strategies to control and combat the disease.
Objetivo: Avaliar o perfil epidemiológico da hanseníase na cidade de Imperatriz, no período entre os anos de 2010 e 2019. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico, retrospectivo e descritivo com abordagem quantitativa através de pesquisa em banco de dados do SINAN, no período de 2010 a 2019. Resultados: Dos 2.161 casos novos identificados no período investigado, o estudo apresentou taxa de detecção decrescente entre os anos de 2010 a 2014 e uma oscilação de dados entre os anos de 2015 a 2019, uma vez que durante o ano de 2018 o SINAN registrou o menor número de casos, entretanto em 2019, verificou-se novamente uma elevação exacerbada nesse aspecto. Os casos Multibacilares se destacaram, com 72,5%, predominando entre pessoas do sexo masculino, com ensino fundamental incompleto. Quanto à forma clínica, incapacidade física e modo de detecção, 50,3% foram dimorfa, 60,8%, grau zero e 46%, encaminhamento, respectivamente. Conclusão: Concluiu-se que é alta a taxa de incidência da hanseníase em Imperatriz, assim sendo o presente trabalho contribui para a compreender a dimensão da hanseníase no município além de auxiliar no direcionamento de ações e estratégias para o controle e prevenção da doença.