Meander (serpentine) delay lines are generally used for controlling the skew of the traces in high-speed Printed Circuit Board (PCB) applications. They consist of equal-length unit lines closely packed to each other. However the meander lines deteriorate the total time delay and the waveform distortion in the end of the lines, since each unit line is tightly coupled. In this paper, to predict accurate Time-Domain Reflectometry/Time-Domain Transmit (TDR/TDT) waveforms by crosstalk in the single and differential meander line, simple TDR/TDT equations are proposed in point of the signal integrity. The proposed TDR/TDT waveform equations are verified by using TDR/TDT measurements in the single and differential meander delay lines.
In this paper, developments of wafer level fan-out (WLFO) technology using organic substrates, ajinomoto build-up film (ABF) with laser ablation process and buried pattern PCB, are introduced for low cost and high electrical performance not only on low frequency ranges but also microwave applications. WLFO technology using organic substrates can enhance routing density and provide smaller form factor than flip-chip chip scale packages (fcCSP). Moreover, short signal routing paths from die out to package out can be realized to improve overall electrical performance in WLFO, In this paper, the process of WLFO using ABF with laser drilling and buried-pattern PCB substrate are explained. In addition, measurements of coplanar waveguide (CPW) structure on WLFO and interconnection models from die I/O pad to balls using 3D EM simulation are conducted to estimate effectiveness in microwave ranges.
The objective of the present study was to identify the factors that affect screening for diabetic complications by sex in the community.This study used individual-level data from the 2013 Community Health Survey (CHS) for 20,806 (male, 9,958; female, 10,848) adults aged 30 years or older who were diagnosed with diabetes. Community-level data for 253 communities were derived from either CHS or national statistics. A chi-square test and multilevel logistic regression analysis was performed.There were significant differences in the rate of screening for diabetic complications according to individual-level and community-level variables. In the multilevel analysis, the community-level variance ratio of the null model was 7.4% and 9.2% for males and females, respectively. With regard to community-level variables, males were affected by the city type, number of physicians, and their living environment, while females were affected by number of physicians, natural and living environments, and public transportation.The factors that influenced individual willingness to undergo screening for diabetic complications differed slightly by sex; however, both males and females were more likely to undergo screening when they recognized their health status as poor or when they actively sought to manage their health conditions. Moreover, in terms of community-level variables, both males and females were affected by the number of physicians. It is essential to provide sufficient and ongoing opportunities for education on diabetes and its management through collaboration with local communities and primary care medical centers.
Abstract Introduction The SK hynix Employee Cohort (SHE cohort) was launched in 2017 to identify the causes of occupational diseases in the semiconductor industry and to conduct various research activities to promote the health of its members. The SHE cohort is a dynamic cohort with 25,505 participants as of December 2022. Methods In order to prevent occupational diseases in the semiconductor industry and improve the health of employees, SK hynix organized the Committee for Advanced and Sustainable Occupational Health in 2017 and analyzes the prevalence of chronic diseases annually. As a control group for comparison, data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2017 to 2021 were standardized by age and gender to obtain the prevalence rate ratio (PRR), which was analyzed using the empirical quantile method for five-year trends. Results The average PRR for hypertension over the five-year period was 0.49, with an annual percent change(APC) value of -2.44. The mean PRR and APC for diabetes prevalence was 0.78 and 2.30 respectively and the mean PRR and APC for dislipidemia prevalence was 0.66 and 5.53 respectively. The mean PRR for obesity was 0.97 with an APC of -0.49, and the mean PRR for metabolic syndrome was 0.72 with an APC of -1.17. Discussion and conclusion There were no statistically significant trends. For all chronic diseases, a low PRR can be interpreted as a health worker effect. Obesity had a relatively high PRR, which should be considered when prioritizing the allocation of healthcare resources in the workplace.
In this paper, the mode analysis method has been proposed and model the precise FEXT waveform. Using this method, FEXT saturation phenomenon can be explained and the precise FEXT equations are proposed depending on the relationship between the velocity difference of even- and odd-mode and the initial rising time of the input step pulse. Saturated FEXT level with increased duration were verified by the crosstalk simulation in two coupled microstrip-type transmission lines. The modeled FEXT and TDT waveforms by the mode analysis method show a good correlation with the measured waveforms.
The purpose of this study was to investigate message strategies used in South Korean cosmetic surgery websites. The paper uses Taylor’s six-segment message strategy model to analyze the Korean sample websites. The outcome of the content analysis revealed that Informational and Transformational strategies were both equivalently used. Ration and ego strategies were the most frequently practiced within the Informational and Transformational divisions.
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