Petr Pyšek

Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Botany

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Jan Pergl

Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Botany

221

Franz Essl

University of Vienna

149

Mark van Kleunen

University of Konstanz

121

Milan Chytrý

Masaryk University

106

David M. Richardson

Stellenbosch University

Marten Winter

German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research

Vojtĕch Jaros̆ı́k

Charles University

Wayne Dawson

University of Liverpool

Patrick Weigelt

University of Göttingen

Holger Kreft

University of Göttingen

Cooperative Institutions

John Wiley & Sons (United States)

324

Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Botany

201

Czech Academy of Sciences

177

Ecological Society of America

159

Charles University

136

Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique

106

Stellenbosch University

University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice

German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research

Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas

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Invasive Species, Environmental Change and Management, and Health

Annual Review of Environment and Resources (2010)

Petr Pyšek David M. Richardson

Invasive species are a major element of global change and are contributing to biodiversity loss, ecosystem degradation, and impairment of ecosystem services worldwide. Research is shedding new light on the ecological and economic consequences of invasions. New approaches are emerging for describing and evaluating impacts of invasive species, and for translating these impacts into monetary terms. The harmful effects of invasions are now widely recognized, and multiscale programs are in place in many parts of the world to reduce current and future impacts. There has been an upsurge in scientific research aimed at guiding management interventions. Among the activities that are receiving the most attention and that have the most promise for reducing problems are risk assessment, pathway and vector management, early detection, rapid response, and new approaches to mitigation and restoration. Screening protocols to reduce new introductions are becoming more accurate and have been shown cost-effective.

10.1146/annurev-environ-033009-095548

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Citations (1,216)

Addressing context dependence in ecology

Trends in Ecology & Evolution (2021)

Jane A. Catford John R. Wilson Petr Pyšek Philip E. Hulme Richard P. Duncan

Context dependence is widely invoked to explain disparate results in ecology. It arises when the magnitude or sign of a relationship varies due to the conditions under which it is observed. Such variation, especially when unexplained, can lead to spurious or seemingly contradictory conclusions, which can limit understanding and our ability to transfer findings across studies, space, and time. Using examples from biological invasions, we identify two types of context dependence resulting from four sources: mechanistic context dependence arises from interaction effects; and apparent context dependence can arise from the presence of confounding factors, problems of statistical inference, and methodological differences among studies. Addressing context dependence is a critical challenge in ecology, essential for increased understanding and prediction.

Spurious relationship

Density dependence

10.1016/j.tree.2021.09.007

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Citations (218)

Flora and Vegetation of the Czech Republic

Plant and vegetation (2017)

Milan Chytrý Jiří Danihelka Zdeněk Kaplan Petr Pyšek

Flora

Vascular plant

10.1007/978-3-319-63181-3

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Citations (37)

Electronic Supplementary Material 2 from Elevated compositional change in plant assemblages linked to invasion

Figshare (2023)

Alessandra Kortz Faye Moyes Vânia Regina Pivello Petr Pyšek María Dornelas

Spreadsheet with the rarefied data from BioTIME used for analyses (terrestrial plants, at least 3 years of sampling, abundance data)

10.6084/m9.figshare.22730520

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Citations (0)

How does density and nutrient stress affect allometry and fruit production in the heterocarpic species <i>Atriple× sagittata</i> (Chenopodiaceae)?

Canadian Journal of Botany (1999)

Bohumil Mandák Petr Pyšek

Allometry

Chenopodiaceae

10.1139/cjb-77-8-1106

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Citations (7)

Native distribution characteristics rather than functional traits explain preadaptation of invasive species to high‐UV‐B environments

Diversity and Distributions (2020)

Maria Hock Rainer Hofmann Franz Essl Petr Pyšek Helge Bruelheide

Abstract Aim Alien species successfully colonize new ranges if they encounter favourable environmental conditions there and possess traits that match new challenges. Climate‐matching approaches comparing native and exotic ranges mostly consider temperature and precipitation niches of alien species, but have largely ignored UV‐B radiation. UV‐B fundamentally differs between hemispheres, with much higher levels at southern than at northern latitudes. Consequently, UV‐B might act at the global scale and present a so far neglected filter that species need to overcome when invading high‐UV‐B environments. Location We performed two multi‐species common garden experiments, conducted in the native European range (Germany) and the high‐UV‐B exotic range (New Zealand) to test for preadaptation to UV‐B. Methods We used 25 herbaceous species from open habitats, which we exposed in each range to three UV radiation treatments: (a) natural sunlight, (b) exclusion of UV‐B while allowing natural UV‐A, and (c) exclusion of UV‐B and UV‐A. We additionally used plant traits (TRY), global distribution data (GBIF, GloNAF) and global UV‐B satellite data (glUV) to determine species‐specific characteristics as fostering agents of UV‐B tolerance. The joint analysis of experimental and macroecological data allowed quantification of species plasticity and identification of beneficial species traits in high‐UV‐B environments. Results Our results showed an overall limiting effect of UV‐B in both common gardens but the UV‐stress response tended to be more pronounced in the invaded range. Across all species, we found little evidence for preadaptation by functional plant traits. In contrast, preadaptation to climatic conditions related to the species’ native UV‐B niche was of greater importance for plant performance in the presence of UV‐B radiation. Main conclusions For predicting alien species’ ability to expand into high‐UV‐B environments, macroclimatic niche characteristics of the species’ native range might be better predictors than functional traits and should be more considered in future projection models.

Species distribution

10.1111/ddi.13113

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Citations (7)

Explaining the variation in impacts of non‐native plants on local‐scale species richness: the role of phylogenetic relatedness

Global Ecology and Biogeography (2014)

Montserrat Vilà Rudolf P. Rohr José L. Espinar Philip E. Hulme Jan Pergl

Abstract Aim To assess how the magnitude of impacts of non‐native plants on species richness of resident plants and animals varies in relation to the traits and phylogenetic position of the non‐native as well as characteristics of the invaded site. Location Global. Methods Meta‐analysis and phylogenetic regressions based on 216 studies were used to examine the effects of 96 non‐native plant species on species richness of resident plants and animals while considering differences in non‐native species traits (life‐form, clonality or vegetative reproduction, and nitrogen‐fixing ability) and characteristics of the invaded site (ecosystem type, insularity and climatic region). Results Plots with non‐native plants had lower resident plant (–20.5%) and animal species richness (–26.4%) than paired uninvaded control plots. Nitrogen‐fixing ability, followed by phylogeny and clonality were the best predictors of the magnitude of impacts of non‐native plants on native plant species richness. Non‐nitrogen‐fixing and clonal non‐native plants reduced species richness more than nitrogen‐fixing and non‐clonal invaders. However, life‐form and characteristics of the invaded sites did not appear to be important. In the case of resident animal species richness, only the phylogenetic position of the non‐native and whether invaded sites were islands or not influenced impacts, with a more pronounced decrease found on islands than mainlands. Main conclusions The presence of a phylogenetic signal on the magnitude of the impacts of non‐native plants on resident plant and animal richness indicates that closely related non‐native plants tend to have similar impacts. This suggests that the magnitude of the impact might depend on shared plant traits not explored in our study. Our results therefore support the need to include the phylogenetic similarity of non‐native plants to known invaders in risk assessment analysis.

Native plant

Phylogenetic diversity

10.1111/geb.12249

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Citations (58)

Genetic and morphological insights into the Carpobrotus hybrid complex around the world

NeoBiota (2023)

Ana Novoa Heidi Hirsch María L. Castillo Susan Canavan Luís González

The genus Carpobrotus N.E.Br. comprises between 12 and 25 species, most of which are native to South Africa. Some Carpobrotus species are considered among the most damaging invasive species in coastal dune systems worldwide. In their introduced areas, these species represent a serious threat to native species and significantly impact soil conditions and geochemical processes. Despite being well studied, the taxonomy of Carpobrotus remains problematic, as the genus comprises a complex of species that hybridize easily and are difficult to distinguish from each other. To explore the population genetic structure of invasive Carpobrotus species (i.e., C. acinaciformis and C. edulis ) across a significant part of their native and non-native ranges, we sampled 40 populations across Argentina, Italy, New Zealand, Portugal, South Africa, Spain, and the USA. We developed taxon-specific microsatellite markers using a Next Generation Sequencing approach to analyze the population genetic structure and incidence of hybridization in native and non-native regions. We identified three genetically distinct clusters, which are present in both the native and non-native regions. Based on a set of selected morphological characteristics, we found no clear features to identify taxa morphologically. Our results suggest that the most probable sources of global introductions of Carpobrotus species are the Western Cape region of South Africa and the coastline of California. We suggest that management actions targeting Carpobrotus invasions globally should focus on preventing additional introductions from the east coast of South Africa, and on searching for prospective biocontrol agents in the Western Cape region of South Africa.

10.3897/neobiota.89.109164

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Citations (4)

Don’t throw the baby out with the bathwater – ban of glyphosate use depends on context

NeoBiota (2020)

Jan Pergl Handrij Härtel Petr Pyšek Robert Stejskal

not for this short letter

10.3897/neobiota.56.51823

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Citations (12)

Will Threat of Biological Invasions Unite the European Union?

Science (2009)

Philip E. Hulme Petr Pyšek Wolfgang Nentwig Montserrat Vilà

Solanum elaeagnifolium (Solanaceae) Invading One in Five Natura 2000 Protected Areas of Greece and One in Four Habitat Types: What Is Next?,

10.1126/science.1171111

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Citations (338)