Emeka Callistus Onyeka Izuchukwu

Nnamdi Azikiwe University

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Henry Chima Okpara

Nnamdi Azikiwe University

Oyebola Oluwagbemiga Sonuga

University of Ibadan

K S Adedapo

University College Hospital, Ibadan

Felix Emeka Menkiti

Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital

Titilola S. Akingbola

University College Hospital, Ibadan

Olajumoke Ajele Ogundeji

University of Ibadan

Omotayo Yusuf Awere

Federal Ministry of Health

Nuratu Adejumoke Okwara

Federal University of Technology Owerri

A A Okebalama

Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Ndufu-Alike

Ogbodo Emmanuel Chukwuemeka

Nnamdi Azikiwe University

Cooperative Institutions

Nnamdi Azikiwe University

University of Ibadan

Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital

University College Hospital, Ibadan

University of Bahrain

Ebonyi State University

Imo State University

Federal Teaching Hospital Abakaliki

Islamic University in Uganda

Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University

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Assessment of growth arrest-specific 6 protein as a biomarker of glomerular damage in sickle cell anaemia

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) (2023)

Emeka Callistus Onyeka Izuchukwu K S Adedapo Titilola S. Akingbola Olajumoke Ajele Ogundeji Henry Chima Okpara

10.5281/zenodo.8271898

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Pseudohyperkalemia Revisited: An Updated Review of a Foremost Preanalytical Error of Serum or Plasma Potassium Measurement in the Clinical Laboratory

Nigerian Journal of Medicine (2023)

Henry Chima Okpara Emeka Callistus Onyeka Izuchukwu E. C. Ilechukwu

Abstract Background: Potassium is one of the most abundant cations in the human body. Increased plasma potassium concentration (hyperkalemia) is one of the most common electrolyte abnormalities in contemporary clinical practice. Moderate and severe hyperkalemia are potentially life-threatening conditions and constitute medical emergencies. Measured hyperkalemia may be true hyperkalemia or false hyperkalemia (pseudohyperkalemia). Pseudohyperkalemia is due to false elevation of measured potassium concentration in vitro and it is a fairly common source of preanalytical error of potassium determination in the clinical laboratory. Objective: To review the general and recent concepts/mechanisms that underlie the phenomenon of pseudohyperkalemia in contemporary clinical practice. Methods: An up-to-date review of available literature and selected references on the phenomenon of pseudohyperkalemia, its causes, variants, mechanisms, clinical implications, identification, management, and prevention. Conclusion: Pseudohyperkalemia is a fairly common preanalytical error of potassium measurement in the clinical laboratory and a potential cause of misdiagnosis and unnecessary treatment of hyperkalemia. Exclusion of pseudohyperkalemia before the diagnosis of hyperkalemia (true hyperkalemia) is highly recommended.

10.4103/njm.njm_49_23

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Assessment of Antinuclear Antibodies, Anti-Beta 2-Glycoprotein-1, and Thyroid Peroxidase Autoantibody Levels in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Sero-positive Pregnant Women at Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi Nigeria

Nigerian Journal of Medicine (2023)

J E Okwara JE Ahaneku CC Onyenekwe Gerald Okanandu Udigwe Joseph Ifeanyichukwu Ikechebelu

Abstract Background: Pregnancy is associated with biochemical alterations and may be compounded by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection potentially affecting pregnancy outcome. Aims: This study evaluated some biochemical parameters that could possibly affect pregnancy outcomes in HIV-infected women. Patients, Materials and Methods: The study involved 136 HIV sero-positive on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and 137 HIV sero-negative pregnant women, recruited from the Antenatal Clinic of Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi. Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs), anti-beta 2-glycoprotein-1 (βGP1), and thyroid peroxidase autoantibody (TPOab) were analysed using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay methods. Results: TPOab in HIV sero-positive subjects (104.9 ± 51.06 IU/mL) was significantly higher ( P > 0.05) compared with controls (89.5 ± 33.5 IU/mL). ANA and βGP1 in test group (0.89 ± 0.31; 12.94 ± 8.9, respectively) did not change significantly ( P > 0.05) compared with the controls (0.84 ± 0.27; 10.37 ± 9.6, respectively). There were no significant changes in measured biochemical parameters between trimesters ( P > 0.05). Furthermore, there were no significant differences in measured biochemical parameters between subjects with different APGAR scores in all subject groups. Conclusion: HIV infection affected TPOab level but had no impact on ANA, bGP1, and APGAR score in HIV pregnancy under HAART.

Thyroid peroxidase

10.4103/njm.njm_59_23

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Fasting plasma insulin in normal-weight apparently healthy adults in a Nigerian population: Reference intervals and influence of age, gender and anthropometric variables

World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews (2023)

Emeka Callistus Onyeka Izuchukwu Henry Chima Okpara Chisom Adaobi Nri-Ezedi Frederick Igila Allison Obianuju Uchenna Ilechukwu

Introduction: In Nigeria, there is paucity of data regarding indigenously established reference intervals for fasting plasma or serum insulin concentrations in the local populations. This study was designed to establish the reference interval of fasting plasma insulin (FPI) among apparently healthy young and middle-aged adults in a Nigerian population. The influence of age, gender, and anthropometric variables on FPI concentration were examined. Materials and Methods: The study was a cross-sectional descriptive study involving 210 reference individuals aged 18 to 64 years. Physical, anthropometric and biochemical variables were measured including FPI and fasting plasma glucose (FPG). The reference interval for FPI was determined using the non-parametric percentile method. Correlation studies between FPI and age, anthropometric indices, and HOMA-IR were carried out. Results: The study involved a total of 210 healthy normal-weight non-diabetic adults consisting of 110 males (52.4%) and 100 females (47.6%) as reference individuals. Reference intervals for FPI for the male, female, and total study participants were 0.1 –11.1mIU/L, 1.3 –13.2mIU/L and 0.1 – 13.03mIU/L respectively. There were statistically significant positive correlations between FPI and age (r = 0.001), WC (r = 0.0.302, p = 0.0001), WHR (r = 0.220, p = 0.0001), SBP (r = 0.137, p = 0.047) FPG (r = 0.165, p = 0.017) and HOMA-IR (r = 0.985, p = 0.0001). Conclusion: The reference interval of FPI using the Biointecho human insulin ELISA kit is 0.1–13.0mIU/L. This is not much at variance with 0.7–9.0mIU/L quoted by the kit manufacturer, but valued widely with that of other commercially available insulin assay kits from different manufacturers. Similar to reports of similar studies, FPI correlated positively with FPG, BMI. WC, BP and age.

Reference values

10.30574/wjarr.2023.19.1.1476

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Monitoring of bone fractured healing using biochemical markers among patients attending federal teaching hospital abakaliki and bone setter home in onueke ebonyi state, Nigeria

IP International Journal of Orthopaedic Rheumatology (2022)

Alozie Ogwuegbu Okezie C O Edeogu D A Onweh Ogbodo Emmanuel Chukwuemeka A A Okebalama

The monitoring of bone fractured healing using Alkaline phosphatase, calcium ion and inorganic phosphate was evaluated among patients with fractured bone in two different centers, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Abakaliki and Bone Setters Home, Onueke, Ezza in Ebonyi State between August 2017 and September 2018. : A total of 90 adults patients from 18 years to 78 years were examined using phenolphthalein monophosphate colorimetric end point method. Out of the 90 patients, 30 were healthy normal subjects, another 30 were patients in AE-FUTHA while the remaining 30 patients were in bone setter home. : Patients without bone fracture had the least mean serum level of alkaline phosphatase, 28.5 ± 9.0µl followed by those admitted in bone setter home with a mean serum level of 38.2±17.9µl while patients admitted in AE-FUTHA had the highest mean serum level of 41.4±6.5µl (P<0.05). The mean serum level of calcium was significantly higher 10.9± 2.6mg/dl in healthy normal patients compared to mean serum level of 9.2 ± 3.3mg/dl and 7.4 ± 1.3mg/dl for patients admitted in AE-FUTHA and bone setter home respectively. The mean serum level of inorganic phosphate indicate that patients admitted in bone setter home had the highest mean of 4.1 ± 1.0mg/dl followed by patients admitted in AE-FUTHA 3.4 ± 0.2mg/dl while that of healthy normal individuals had the least mean serum level of 3.2 ± 0.5mg/dl. : Out of the three parameters examined, alkaline phosphatase test was more precise, reliable and patient doctor friendly; hence it can be used as a veritable tool to monitor the process of bone fracture healing effectively.

Setter

10.18231/j.ijor.2021.016

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Assessment of growth arrest-specific 6 protein as a biomarker of glomerular damage in sickle cell anaemia

GSC Advanced Research and Reviews (2023)

Emeka Callistus Onyeka Izuchukwu K S Adedapo Titilola S. Akingbola Olajumoke Ajele Ogundeji Henry Chima Okpara

Objective: To assess growth arrest-specific 6 (Gas6) protein as a biomarker of glomerular damage (glomerulopathy; nephropathy) in patients with sickle cell anaemia (SCA). Methods: seventy SCA patients on routine clinic visit and seventy apparently healthy controls were recruited into the study and their blood and urine samples were collected while plasma Gas6 as well as urinary albumin and creatinine measured. Their socio-demographic and other anthropometric indices were documented. The study participants and controls were screened for urinary tract infection (UTI) using the urine dipstick combi-10 on their urine. The plasma Gas6 of all patients were compared with the albumin creatinine ratio (ACR) along with the ages. Albumin and creatinine levels were also compared with ages. Results: Gas6 had an inverse though insignificant relationship with ACR and age in the patients; albumin, creatinine and albumin creatinine ratio varied directly with age in these patients. Conclusion: Gas 6 was not found a useful marker of glomerulopathy in sickle cell anaemia.

10.30574/gscarr.2023.16.1.0297

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