The authors assess the utility of postexpiratory high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) scans in the evaluation of air trapping in patients with obstructive lung disease. Thirteen healthy volunteers and 14 patients with obstructive lung disease (OLD) were examined using inspiratory and postexpiratory HRCT scans. All had pulmonary function tests. Lung attenuation was measured on both inspiration and expiration, and the extent of air trapping on postexpiratory scans was visually assessed. The results of the healthy volunteers were compared with those of patients with OLD, and HRCT findings were correlated with pulmonary function tests. Lung attenuation on expiration, its change from inspiration to expiration, and air-trapping scores of patients with OLD were significantly different from those of the healthy volunteers. When the healthy participants and patients with OLD were combined and analyzed as one group, the lung attenuation change and air-trapping score both significantly correlated with pulmonary function tests (p < 0.001) and correlation values were similar (r = 0.61–0.89). Air trapping was found in 61% of healthy participants and all the patients with OLD, although the extent was significantly greater in the patients with OLD. Inspiratory and postexpiratory HRCT can be used to evaluate air trapping in patients with OLD. Measurements of lung attenuation and estimates of air-trapping extent are both valuable methods of analysis.
Abstract Protonation has been considered essential for the pseudocapacitive energy storage of polyaniline (PANI) for years, as proton doping in PANI chains not only activates electron transport pathways, but also promotes the proceeding of redox reactions. Rarely has the ability for PANI of storing energy without protonation been investigated, and it remains uncertain whether PANI has pseudocapacitive charge storage properties in an alkaline electrolyte. Here, this work first demonstrates the pseudocapacitive energy storage for PANI without protonation using a PANI/graphene composite as a model material in an alkaline electrolyte. Using in situ Raman spectroscopy coupled with electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) measurements, this work determines the formation of −N= group over potential on a PANI chain and demonstrates the direct contribution of OH − in the nonprotonation type of oxidation reactions. This work finds that the PANI/graphene composite in an alkaline electrolyte has excellent cycling stability with a wider operation voltage of 1 V as well as a slightly higher specific capacitance than that in an acidic electrolyte. The findings provide a new perspective on pseudocapacitive energy storage of PANI‐based composites, which will influence the selection of electrolytes for PANI materials and expand their application in energy storage fields.
Click-through rate (CTR) prediction plays a critical role in recommender systems, in which the task is to forecast the probability of the user clicking on recommended items. Many models have been proposed in this field, such as logistic regression, factorization machine based models and deep learning based models. However, many current works calculate the feature interactions in a simple way such as inner product. They care less about the different importance and computational requirements of different feature interactions. The general idea is that some complex feature interactions might require more computations to produce a final result, while some simple or unimportant feature interactions might require less. In this paper, we propose adaptive depth attention (ADA) model, a new model that automatically learns the high-order feature interactions of raw data. The core of ADA is a multi-head self-attention neural network that learns feature interaction and a network depth control module that controls the network depth required for interaction of different feature fields. We conduct extensive experiments on two realworld datasets and results demonstrate the superior predictive performance of ADA against the state-of-the-art methods.
Abstract Many objects in real world have circular feature. It is a difficult task to obtain the 2D-3D pose estimation using circular feature in challenging scenarios. This paper proposes a method to incorporate elliptic shape prior for object pose estimation using a level set method. The relationship between the projection of the circular feature of a 3D object and the signed distance function corresponding to it is analyzed to yield a 2D elliptic shape prior. The method employs the combination of the grayscale histogram, the intensities of edge, and the smoothness distribution as main image feature descriptors that define the image statistical measure model. The elliptic shape prior combined with the image statistical measure energy model drives the elliptic shape contour to the projection of the circular feature of the 3D object with the current pose into the image plane. These works effectively reduce the impacts of the challenging scenarios on the pose estimate results. In addition, the method utilizes particle filters that take into account the motion dynamics of the object among scene frames, and this work provides the robust method for object 2D-3D pose estimation using circular feature in a challenging environment. Various numerical experiments are illustrated to show the performance and advantages of the proposed method.
Many objects in the real world have circular feature. In general, circular feature’s pose is represented by 5-DoF (degree of freedom) vector . It is a difficult task to measure the accuracy of circular feature’s pose in each direction and the correlation between each direction. This paper proposes a closed-form solution for estimating the accuracy of pose transformation of circular feature. The covariance matrix of is used to measure the accuracy of the pose. The relationship between the pose of the circular feature of 3D object and the 2D points is analyzed to yield an implicit function, and then Gauss–Newton theorem is employed to compute the partial derivatives of the function with respect to such point, and after that the covariance matrix is computed from both the 2D points and the extraction error. In addition, the method utilizes the covariance matrix of 5-DoF circular feature’s pose variables to optimize the pose estimator. Based on pose covariance, minimize the mean square error (Min-MSE) metric is introduced to guide good 2D imaging point selection, and the total amount of noise introduced into the pose estimator can be reduced. This work provides an accuracy method for object 2D-3D pose estimation using circular feature. At last, the effectiveness of the method for estimating the accuracy is validated based on both random data sets and synthetic images. Various synthetic image sequences are illustrated to show the performance and advantages of the proposed pose optimization method for estimating circular feature’s pose.
In 1990, according to the interpretation of satellite images, that was proposed the gold deposit in Micangshan area is controlled by SN-shear zone by the first author of this paper. Now a middle gold deposit has been found in XaoLangou. Using TM 6/4, 7/4, 5/4 image, the previous-named 'amphibole diorite' is divided into quartz diorite ((delta) o23) and KangDing super-group, and considered that KangDing super-group is the oldest auteferous formation, irregular massive enclaves texture which show diffuse contact with the rockbody can be distinguished on satellite images (the enclaves are mainly migmatized plagioclase granulate, plagioclase amphibole, troudjemite and so on), and are inferred to be relicts of remitted Ar-Pt1 geobody. So it is considered that the rockbody is a s-type granite rockbody formed by the reworking of earlier crust; along several SN ductile-brittle fault zone with about 5 - 6 km length in intensively developed intense chloritization and solidification. They are expressed as light-blue color zone in TM 5/7 - 4/3 image, red, yellow alteration color patches on super imposed on SN and NE- striking (or latitudinal) fault structures, they infer beresitization (or felsitization) in middle period stage. It has been discovered that saccharoidal quartz and nugget- bearing quartzdikes had been formed during late period stage. In JERS-1 SAR image, ductile shear zone displayed bright thin lines or small patterns which are dense, almost parallel, discontinuous extending along a line. In the view of researches for metllogenic image features, had predicted metallogenic belt-ore deposit and has achieved good results.
Cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) are the main mutagenic DNA photoproducts caused by ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation and represent the major cause of photoaging and skin carcinogenesis. CPD photolyase can efficiently and rapidly repair CPD products. Therefore, they are candidates for the prevention of photodamage. However, these photolyases are not present in placental mammals. In this study, we produced a recombinant photolyase-thymine (rPHO) from Thermus thermophilus (T. thermophilus). The rPHO displayed CPD photorepair activity. It prevented UVB-induced DNA damage by repairing CPD photoproducts to pyrimidine monomers. Furthermore, it inhibited UVB-induced ROS production, lipid peroxidation, inflammatory responses, and apoptosis. UVB-induced wrinkle formation, epidermal hyperplasia, and collagen degradation in mice skin was significantly inhibited when the photolyase was applied topically to the skin. These results demonstrated that rPHO has promising protective effects against UVB-induced photodamage and may contribute to the development of anti-UVB skin photodamage drugs and cosmetic products.
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