Abstract The field of DNA nanotechnology has evolved beyond the realm of controllable movements and randomly shaped nanostructures, now encompassing a diverse array of nanomachines, each with unique nanostructures and biofunctional attributes. These DNA nanostructures boast exceptional characteristics such as programmability, integrability, biocompatibility, and universality. Among this variety, DNA walking nanomachines have emerged as one of the most prominent nanomotors, distinguished by their ingenious design and comprehensive functionality. In recent times, these DNA walkers have witnessed remarkable advancements in areas ranging from nanostructural designs to biological applications, including the creation of sophisticated biosensors capable of efficiently detecting tumor‐related biomarkers and bioactive substances. This review delves into the operational mechanisms of DNA walking nanomachines, which are driven by processes such as protease and DNAzyme action as well as strand displacement and photoactivated reactions. It further provides a comprehensive overview of DNA walking nanomachines with different dimensional (1D, 2D, and 3D) walking tracks. A subsequent section introduces the biosensing applications of DNA walking nanomachines including electrochemical, optical, and other biosensors. The review concludes with a forward‐looking perspective on the novel advancements and challenges in developing DNA walking nanomachine‐based biosensors.

DNA nanotechnology

DNA origami

10.1002/inmd.20230046

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Citations (12)

Structural basis of CRISPR–SpyCas9 inhibition by an anti-CRISPR protein

Nature (2017)

De Dong Minghui Guo Sihan Wang Yuwei Zhu Shuo Wang

Trans-activating crRNA

CRISPR interference

Streptococcus Pyogenes

Guide RNA

10.1038/nature22377

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Citations (239)

Smart Implantable Hydrogel for Large Segmental Bone Regeneration

Advanced Healthcare Materials (2024)

Menghan Li Haiping Wu Ke Gao Yubo Wang Jiaqi Hu

Abstract Large segmental bone defects often lead to nonunion and dysfunction, posing a significant challenge for clinicians. Inspired by the intrinsic bone defect repair logic of “vascularization and then osteogenesis”, this study originally reports a smart implantable hydrogel (PDS‐DC) with high mechanical properties, controllable scaffold degradation, and timing drug release that can proactively match different bone healing cycles to efficiently promote bone regeneration. The main scaffold of PDS‐DC consists of polyacrylamide, polydopamine, and silk fibroin, which endows it with superior interfacial adhesion, structural toughness, and mechanical stiffness. In particular, the adjustment of scaffold cross‐linking agent mixing ratio can effectively regulate the in vivo degradation rate of PDS‐DC and intelligently satisfy the requirements of different bone defect healing cycles. Ultimately, PDS hydrogel loaded with free desferrioxamine (DFO) and CaCO 3 mineralized ZIF‐90 loaded bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (BMP‐2) to stimulate efficient angiogenesis and osteogenesis. Notably, DFO is released rapidly by free diffusion, whereas BMP‐2 is released slowly by pH‐dependent layer‐by‐layer disintegration, resulting in a significant difference in release time, thus matching the intrinsic logic of bone defect repair. In vivo and in vitro results confirm that PDS‐DC can effectively realize high‐quality bone generation and intelligently regulate to adapt to different demands of bone defects.

Fibroin

10.1002/adhm.202402916

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Structural insights into a high fidelity variant of SpCas9

Cell Research (2019)

Minghui Guo Kuan Ren Yuwei Zhu Ziyun Tang Yuhang Wang

Guide RNA

10.2210/pdb6aeb/pdb

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Citations (38)