The theme of this research on the reality of an educated Arabic language in Indonesia, and their needs and aspirations, and I try of this research to monitor the most important phenomena related to the learner Indonesian, and enjoyed by the skills and potential, and aspire to the high level makes it no less important than the Arab individual in possession of the corner language, and through my personal experience as a visiting professor of Arab language and literature at the Faculty of Islamic and Arabic Studies at the University of Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic Jakarta, Indonesia for three months at the first of September to thirty of November 2016.
BackgroundEfforts to find a better adjuvant in spinal anesthesia have been underway for a long time to achieve both effective analgesia and targeted sedation. We evaluated whether we can use dexmedetomidine in spinal anesthesia through its multiple modes of action and reduced adverse events in comparison with its intravenous use to achieve desirable patient comfort and sedation.Patients and methodsA total of 100 patients classified as American Society of Anesthesiologists class I and II scheduled for inguinal hernia repair were studied. Patients were allocated randomly to receive either 15 mg of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine plus 0.5 ml normal saline intrathecally and an intravenous infusion of dexmedetomidine 1 mg/kg over 10 min (group V, n = 50) or 15 mg of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine plus 5 mg of dexmedetomidine diluted in 0.5 ml normal saline intrathecally and an intravenous infusion of same volume normal saline over 10 min (group S, n = 50).ResultsPatients in both groups were comparable in the characteristics of the spinal block and sedation score.ConclusionIntrathecal dexmedetomidine can act both as an adjuvant to bupivacaine and as a sedative without the need for other intravenous sedation drugs.
Background During major abdominal surgery, goal-directed fluid therapy may lessen postoperative morbidity. It has been demonstrated that the Plethysmography Variability Index (PVI), which is generated from the pulse oximeter waveform, can predict fluid responsiveness in a variety of surgical settings. Pulse pressure variation (PPV), one of the indicators of fluid responsiveness, has received the most research attention and clinical application of all the indicators. Through arterial cannulation, primarily the radial artery, pulse pressure fluctuation is recorded. The cyclic variations in intrathoracic pressure have less of an immediate impact on pulse pressure than they do on systolic pressure. In this study, sedated, intubated, mechanically ventilated patients admitted for postoperative resuscitation in our surgical ICU following colorectal surgeries had their fluid responsiveness assessed using the Plethysmography Variation Index (PVI) and the Pulse Pressure Variation (PPV) to compare their effectiveness and reliability.