The United Arab Emirate’s rapid population growth is coupled with an increase in the consumption of natural resources such as fresh air, sunlight, land, and water. In the past two decades, the demand for land has augmented both away from the coast and significantly near the coast. Within coastal zones, artificial reclamation of land in the sea is the most desirable way to meet the demand for land necessary for the development of the most modern urban areas. Seaward reclamation (land in the water) necessitates the construction of artificially reclaimed areas that are extended into the sea using innovative modern construction techniques. The majority of these building requirements are necessitated by a number of key factors and have diverse outcomes. Even though this type of urban expansion is not new, the scale and motivations of land reclamation have been drastically altered due to geological and human-induced factors. The purpose of this paper is to assess the increase in seaward land expansion, particularly in the seven UAE coastal emirates. Using satellite data, particularly from 1990 to 2021, the total increase in land due to newly developed reclaimed areas in all UAE coastal emirates is calculated. Satellite images from the Landsat series are used to analyze the tremendous growth since the early 2000s. In addition, the study of shoreline maps of 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2021 for the seven emirates revealed that the 22 km long Ajman and UAQ front coast experienced a notable shoreline retreat with a net erosion area of 300 m2 and an annual rate of 30 my−1 over the past 21 years (2000–2021). Depending on the type of construction design used to describe the process, a methodical sorting is also recommended. The impacts of the Dubai offshore reclaimed islands on the adjacent coastlines in Ajman and Umm Al Quwain (UAQ), as well as the potential impact of earthquake tremors along the Zagros fold belt region, are the subjects of this study. In this study, all seven coastal emirates are considered, and the largest reclamation projects are located in Dubai, Abu Dhabi, Ras-Al Khaimah (RAK), and Fujairah, with Dubai leading the way; it has expanded its coastal areas by more than 68 km2 at present, and another 35 km2 will be reclaimed soon to finish Palm Deira.
The Chilka Lake, the largest coastal lagoon in Asia, has occupied a possible tectonic depression along the east coast of India. Although the open sea coast was along the western margin of the Lake, presumably during the maximum Holocene transgression, the Lake took its origin much later by the growth of spits that have separated the lagoon from the sea. The Lake at present is facing a wide-spread siltation from inland streams and pollution by industrial/agricultural wastes which are leading to the degradation of its environment.
Disposition of beach ridges vis-a-vis paleo river courses has helped in recognizing several abandoned delta lobes and reconstructing the stages in the progradation of various deltas on the east coast of India. The sea level was more than 100m below the present level, around 13 ka, in this region and the maximum Holocene transgression has risen to _5m around 6 ka, from where it has fallen to the present level with at least 3 relatively stationary levels in between, as can be inferred from the orientation of different sets of beach ridges. The delta progradation, at present, is mostly by the growth of spits and lagoon-filling.
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