Veterinary pharmaceuticals are commonly administered to animals for disease control, and added into feeds at subtherapeutic levels to improve feeding efficiency. As a result of these practices, a certain fraction of the pharmaceuticals are excreted into animal manures. Land application of these manures contaminates soils with the veterinary pharmaceuticals, which can subsequently lead to contamination of surface and groundwaters. Information on the occurrence and fate of pharmaceuticals in soil and water is needed to assess the potential for exposure of at‐risk populations and the impacts on agricultural ecosystems. In this study, we investigated the occurrence and fate of four commonly used veterinary pharmaceuticals (amprolium, carbadox, monensin, and tylosin) in a farm in Michigan. Amprolium and monensin were frequently detected in nearby surface water, with concentrations ranging from several to hundreds of nanograms per liter, whereas tylosin or carbadox was rarely found. These pharmaceuticals were more frequently detected in surface runoff during nongrowing season (October to April) than during growing season (May to September). Pharmaceuticals resulting from postharvest manure application appeared to be more persistent than those from spring application. High concentrations of pharmaceuticals in soils were generally observed at the sites where the respective concentrations in surface water were also high. For monensin, the ratios of soil‐sorbed to aqueous concentrations obtained from field samples were within the order of the distribution coefficients obtained from laboratory studies. These results suggest that soil is a reservoir for veterinary pharmaceuticals that can be disseminated to nearby surface water via desorption from soil, surface runoff, and soil erosion.
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEffect of ten quaternary ammonium cations on tetrachloromethane sorption to clay from waterJames A. Smith, Peter R. Jaffe, and Cary T. ChiouCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1990, 24, 8, 1167–1172Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1990https://doi.org/10.1021/es00078a003RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views872Altmetric-Citations237LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (790 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTComment on "Thermodynamics of Organic Chemical Partition in Soils"Cary T. ChiouCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1995, 29, 5, 1421–1422Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es00005a040https://doi.org/10.1021/es00005a040research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views175Altmetric-Citations30LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEffect of water saturation in soil organic matter on the partition of organic compoundsDavid W. Rutherford and Cary T. ChiouCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1992, 26, 5, 965–970Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1992https://doi.org/10.1021/es00029a015Request reuse permissionsArticle Views360Altmetric-Citations62LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (811 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The sorption of nonionic organic compounds and pesticides on soil is here related to solute and solvent properties and to the following soil characteristics: organic matter content, mineral matter, and moisture content. A wide range of sorption behavior can be accounted for by considering the soil to be a dual sorbent, in which the mineral fraction of the soil functions as a conventional solid adsorbent and the organic matter functions as a partition medium. In aqueous systems, adsorption on mineral matter is suppressed by water, and the uptake by soil consists primarily of solute partitioning into the organic matter; this model agrees with the observed dependence of uptake by soil on soil organic matter content, the linearity of the isotherms, the small heat of soil sorption, and the absence of competition between solutes. By contrast, sorption from nonpolar organic solvents on dry soils is attributed to adsorption on soil minerals. Here the specific interaction of the adsorbate polar groups overcomes the weaker adsorptive competition by the (nonpolar) solvents, while the partition effect into soil organic matter is minimized by the relatively high solvency of the medium. Soil uptake from nonpolar solvents is depressed by soil moisture and approaches zero when the soil becomes fully saturated with water. The markedly higher sorption of organic vapors by dry and subsaturated soils, relative to that by wet soils, is ascribed to mineral adsorption, which predominates over the simultaneous uptake by partitioning into the organic matter, in which the mineral adsorptivity is influenced by the clay type and content. An increase of ambient humidity or soil moisture sharply depresses the vapor uptake because of adsorptive displacement by water on mineral surfaces. A small residual vapor uptake on water-saturated soil is attributed to the partitioning into the soil organic phase, which is similar to sorption by soil from aqueous systems. The effect of humidity on the activity and toxicity of nonionic organic pesticides in soil can be accounted for by the effect of humidity on sorption of the pesticide. The transport and fate of similar organic pollutants in the environment should likewise be influenced by ambient humidity.
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEffect of some petroleum sulfonate surfactants on the apparent water solubility of organic compoundsDaniel E. Kile, Cary T. Chiou, and Robin S. HelburnCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1990, 24, 2, 205–208Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es00072a008https://doi.org/10.1021/es00072a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views385Altmetric-Citations31LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
This study investigated the sorption kinetics of a model solute (naphthalene) with a series of biochars prepared from a pine wood at 150-700 °C (referred as PW100-PW700) to probe the effect of the degree of carbonization of a biochar. The samples were characterized by the elemental compositions, thermal gravimetric analyses, Fourier transform IR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller-N(2) surface areas (SA), and pore size distributions. Naphthalene exhibited a fast rate of sorption to PW150 owning a high oxygen content and a small SA, due supposedly to the solute partition into a swollen well-hydrated uncarbonized organic matter of PW150. The partial removal of polar-group contents in PW250/PW350, which increased the compactness of the partition medium, decreased the diffusion of the solute into the partition phase to result in a slow sorption rate. With PW500 and PW700 displaying low oxygen contents and high SA, the solute sorption rates were fast, attributed to the near exhaustion of a partition phase in the sample and to the fast solute adsorption on the carbonized biochar component. The results illustrate that the sorption rate of a solute with biochars is controlled largely by the solute's diffusivity in the biochar's partition phase, in which the medium compactness affects directly the solute diffusivity.
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInfluence of soil organic matter composition on the partition of organic compoundsDavid W. Rutherford, Cary T. Chiou, and Daniel E. KileCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1992, 26, 2, 336–340Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es00026a014https://doi.org/10.1021/es00026a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1345Altmetric-Citations215LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
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