The present study examined the relation between cognitive response styles (i.e., brooding, reflection, distraction) and cognitive inflexibility in differentially predicting history of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) only, suicide attempt (SA) only, or both (NSSI + SA). College students (N = 352) completed self-report measures of rumination, distraction, and self-harm history, a diagnostic interview, and a computerized task measuring cognitive flexibility. Brooding uniquely predicted SA-only history, while reflection uniquely predicted history of NSSI-only and NSSI + SA. Distraction was associated with lower odds of NSSI-only and NSSI + SA. Cognitive inflexibility was not significantly associated with self-harm history. Cognitive vulnerabilities may help identify individuals who are at risk for self-harm and may differentiate between NSSI and SA.
Social media use has increased substantially over the past decade, as have suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STBs). This simultaneous rise has led to growing concerns that social media use confers suicide risk. To assess the validity of such claims, conducting an updated systematic review was essential. The aim of this review was to identify associations between aspects of social media use and STBs, with a focus on potential mechanisms underlying these relationships. An electronic keyword-based literature search was conducted in July 2020 using three databases, and 46 studies were included; PRISMA guidelines were followed in conducting this review. Frequency of social media and smartphone use tended to be associated with STBs. Sexting and suicide-related social media use were also positively associated with STBs. Findings were mixed regarding social media addiction and STBs, but strong associations emerged between smartphone addiction and STBs. More longitudinal research is needed to assess causality and to identify potential mechanisms underlying associations between patterns of digital use and STBs. A discussion of these findings, along with calls to action for research, is included to inspire future directions that will move this area of research forward in the coming decade.
Among emerging adults and college students, racial and ethnic minorities experience greater risk for suicidal ideation and behavior than their White counterparts. Research has identified numerous cognitive risk factors for suicidal ideation. However, they have not been well studied among racial and ethnic minorities. The present study examined the association between these factors (brooding rumination, reflective rumination, hopelessness, and depressive symptoms) and suicidal ideation among 690 Black, Latino, and biracial college students. Among all groups, hopelessness was positively associated with suicidal ideation. Brooding was negatively associated with suicidal ideation, after adjusting for reflection and hopelessness, although only at low levels of depressive symptoms. Black race/ethnicity and Latino race/ethnicity, compared with biracial race/ethnicity, each separately interacted with reflection to predict lower levels of suicidal ideation at moderate to high levels of reflection. Furthermore, Latino race/ethnicity, compared with biracial race/ethnicity, interacted with both reflection and depressive symptoms, such that reflection was negatively associated with suicidal ideation among Latino individuals reporting depressive symptoms above the 39th percentile. Biracial race/ethnicity, compared with monoracial race/ethnicity, also interacted with reflection and depressive symptoms, with reflection associated with greater amounts of suicidal ideation at depressive symptom levels above the 39th percentile. Our findings suggest reflective rumination differentially affects racial and ethnic groups and should be considered in conjunction with depressive symptoms among Latino and biracial individuals in suicide risk assessment and treatment.
Trata-se de um desdobramento da intervencao do projeto Clinica Nomade Voz da Rua e do Programa Institucional de Iniciacao cientifica do ISECENSA. Este trabalho tem como eixo tematico a vulnerabilidade da mulher em situacao de rua. Uma das maiores dificuldades no trabalho com a populacao de rua e saber quem sao, quantas pessoas estao nessa condicao e onde estao. Nos aproximamos desse diagnostico a partir de alguns equipamentos da Assistencia Social do Municipio e de alguns equipamentos especificos, que relatam as mesmas dificuldades de mensuracao. Trata-se de uma populacao “flutuante” que por muitos motivos acabam pernoitando em logradouros publicos, e que, em muitos sentidos, sao considerados moradores em situacao de rua, sem necessariamente o ser. Estima-se que em Campos tenha aproximadamente 80 moradores de rua, sendo 15 mulheres. Nesse contexto, o objetivo principal deste trabalho foi mapear a representacao social de mulheres em situacao de rua sobre sua vulnerabilidade/vulneracao. A metodologia utilizada foi de natureza qualitativa exploratoria sobre a Representacao Social de Mulheres em Situacao de Rua e suas vulnerabilidades. Foram realizadas 10 entrevistas abertas e nao diretivas e observacao participante como estrategias do instrumento Historia de Vida, na realizadas na praca principal do Municipio de Campos dos Goytacazes. Verificou-se representacoes generalizadas sobre o viver nas ruas para ambos os sexos com enfase nas especificidades da mulher nesse contexto: as violencias aparecem como eixo estruturante. Rupturas bruscas como morte, separacao e perda de emprego sao apontadas como os motivadores para o estar nas ruas; as violencias - fisicas, psicologicas e sexuais- acompanham essas mulheres antes e durante a vida nas ruas. Foram unânimes ao considerar as dificuldades de ser mulher e estar nesse contexto: risco de violencia sexual, medo de ser agredida e as dificuldades de manter as condicoes minimas higiene. Uma especificidade que merece atencao e a violencia que reverbera na relacao dessa mulher enquanto mae - perda de guarda dos filhos e destituicao do poder familiar - geralmente atribuidas a vulnerabilidade dessa mulher pelo uso de drogas e situacao de rua. Muitas vezes o direito dessas mulheres e de seus filhos sao violadas por essa condicao, inclusive sendo vedado a elas a visita a seus filhos que estao acolhidos. E importante dar vez e voz a esse grupo de pessoas que habitam a rua, ouvindo sobre o uso que fazem dela, suas especificidades - se idoso, homem, mulher - cada um apresenta historias unicas que merecem ser ouvidas em busca da garantia de direitos.
