Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is one of the most important oil crops; however, a lack of useful molecular markers hinders current genetic research. We performed transcriptome sequencing of samples from different sesame growth and developmental stages, and mining of genic-SSR markers to identify valuable markers for sesame molecular genetics research.In this study, 75 bp and 100 bp paired-end RNA-seq was used to sequence 24 cDNA libraries, and 42,566 uni-transcripts were assembled from more than 260 million filtered reads. The total length of uni-transcript sequences was 47.99 Mb, and 7,324 SSRs (SSRs ≥15 bp) and 4,440 SSRs (SSRs ≥18 bp) were identified. On average, there was one genic-SSR per 6.55 kb (SSRs ≥15 bp) or 10.81 kb (SSRs ≥18 bp). Among perfect SSRs (≥18 bp), di-nucleotide motifs (48.01%) were the most abundant, followed by tri- (20.96%), hexa- (25.37%), penta- (2.97%), tetra- (2.12%), and mono-nucleotides (0.57%). The top four motif repeats were (AG/CT)n [1,268 (34.51%)], (CA/TG)n [281 (7.65%)], (AT/AT)n [215 (5.85%)], and (GAA/TTC)n [131 (3.57%)]. A total of 2,164 SSR primer pairs were identified in the 4,440 SSR-containing sequences (≥18 bp), and 300 SSR primer pairs were randomly chosen for validation. These SSR markers were amplified and validated in 25 sesame accessions (24 cultivated accessions, one wild species). 276 (92.0%) primer pairs yielded PCR amplification products in 24 cultivars. Thirty two primer pairs (11.59%) exhibited polymorphisms. Moreover, 203 primer pairs (67.67%) yielded PCR amplicons in the wild accession and 167 (60.51%) were polymorphic between species. A UPGMA dendrogram based on genetic similarity coefficients showed that the correlation between genotype and geographical source was low and that the genetic basis of sesame in China is narrow, as previously reported. The 32 polymorphic primer pairs were validated using an F2 mapping population; 18 primer pairs exhibited polymorphisms between the parents, and 14 genic-SSRs could be integrated into 9 main linkage groups.2,164 genic-SSR markers have been developed in sesame using transcriptome sequencing. 276 of 300 validated primer pairs successfully yielded PCR amplicons in 24 cultivated sesame accessions. These markers increase current SSR marker resources and will greatly benefit genetic diversity, qualitative and quantitative trait mapping and marker-assisted selection studies in sesame.
The crystal of the title complex, is monoclinic with space group Pc. cell parameters a=0.9361(2),b=1.0519(3),c=1.2028(2)nm,β=91.01(2)?,V=1.1843(4)nm3. Z=4.final R=0.061.Zinc atom is coordinated in a tetrahedron arrangement to four non-esterified oxygen atoms.Two adjacent zinc atoms are connected by "O-P-O" bridge groups, forming an infinite one-dimensional chain coordinated polymer.The infrared spectra indicates formation of the O-P-S groups some important infrared bands have been interpreted.
RNA interference (RNAi) is the process of using specific sequences of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) to knock down the expression level of sequence-homologous genes. Such ability of small interfering RNA (siRNA) in mammalian cells will undoubtedly revolutionize the study of functional genomics, the discovery of drug targets and even the treatment of human diseases. In this review we briefly describe the history of RNAi discovery, the RNAi mechanism and the general guideline for siRNA design as well as various methods for siRNA production and delivery. We also introduce the potential applications of siRNA, inducible siRNA and siRNA library in speeding up basic biomedical research and in acting as potential therapeutic agents for treatment of numerous human diseases.
Unbending the hairpin. A method for the generation of a shRNA pool library, which can be used to perform reverse-genetic screens for genome-wide evaluation of human genes is presented. The thermodynamical issues that limit the previously reported biological technique for shRNA library construction is addressed by converting an intermolecular primer extension into an intramolecular extension. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2268/2008/z800049_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Sesame Fusarium wilt (SFW), caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. sesami (Fos), is one of the most devastating diseases affecting sesame cultivation. Deciphering the genetic control of SFW resistance is pivotal for effective disease management in sesame. An inheritance study on a cross between the highly resistant variety Yuzhi 11 and the highly susceptible accession Sp1 using a Fos pathogenicity group 1 isolate indicated that resistance was conferred by a single dominant allele. The target locus was located in a 1.24 Mb interval on chromosome 3 using a combination of cross-population association mapping and bulked segregant analysis. Fine genetic mapping further narrowed the interval between 21,350 and 21,401 kb. The locus Sindi_0812400 was identified as the SFW resistance gene and officially designated SiRLK1. This gene encodes a specific malectin/receptor-like protein kinase with three putative tandem kinase domains and is considered a kinase fusion protein. Sequence analysis revealed that a high proportion (49.44%) of variants within the locus was located within the kinase domain III, and several of which were evidently associated with the diversity in SFW response, indicating the critical role of kinase domain III in expression of disease resistance. These findings provide valuable information for further functional analysis of SFW resistance genes and marker-assisted resistance breeding in sesame.
In this paper the correlation between different structure state of chlorophyll a (Chla) in vitro and the amounts of singlet oxygen formed has been investigated, used as a photosensitizer. Chl a of different structure state in vitro showed different ability to excite triplet molecular oxygen into singlet form. 1, 3, 5-Triphenylformazan (TF) and 1, 3-diphenyl-5-p-methoxyphenyl formazan (TF-OCH3) was used as the quencher for singlet oxygen and phenol as indicator for oxidation products. Irradiation of the mixed system(Chl α+TF/TF-OCH3+solv.) was carried out with a He-Ne laser (6328Å). It was found that phenol had the highest relative yield in alcohol, medium in CCl4 and the lowest in C6H14. The results were considered to be related to the difference of structure state of Chl a in solvents of different polarity.
Abstract Silver-polyacrylamide(Ag/PAM) nanocomposites and silver-polymethylmethacrylate(Ag/PMMA) nanocomposites with well homogeneously dispersed silver nanoparticles in polymer matrices were prepared by a novel ultraviolet irradiation technique at room temperature.
The extruded AZ80+0.4% Ce magnesium alloy was twisted in the temperature range of 300 - 380 °C by using a Gleeble 3500 thermal simulation test machine with a torsion unit. The deformed cylindrical specimens were cooled at a cooling rate of 10 °C/s or 0.1 °C/s, respectively, and aged at 170 °C. The microstructure analysis results showed that the grain size decreased with increasing specimen radial position from center (SRPC), and that the strong initial basal texture of the extruded magnesium alloy was weakened. Both continuous and discontinuous dynamic recrystallization mechanisms were involved in contributing to the grain refinement for all specimens investigated. And a novel extension twinning induced dynamic recrystallization mechanism was proposed for specimen deformed at 300 °C. For the specimens deformed at 300 °C and 340 °C followed by a slow cooling rate (0.1 °C/s), precipitates of various shapes (β-Mg17Al12), with the dominant precipitates being on the grains boundaries, appeared on the surface section. For specimen deformed at 380 °C, lamellar precipitates (LPS) in the interiors of the grains were predominant. After aging, the LPS still dominated for specimens twisted at 380 °C; however, the LPS gradually decreased with decreasing deformation temperatures from 380 °C to 300 °C. Dynamically precipitated β, especially those decorating the grain boundaries, changed the competition pictures for the LPS and precipitates of other shapes after aging. Interestingly, LPS dominated the areas for the center section of the specimens after aging regardless of deformation temperatures. Low temperature deformation with high SRPC followed by rapid cooling rate increased the micro hardness of the alloy after aging due to refined grain, reduced precipitates size, decreased lamellar spacing as well as strain hardening.
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