As a vital parameter in living cells and tissues, the micro-environment is crucial for the living organisms. Significantly, organelles require proper micro-environment to achieve normal physiological processes, and the micro-environment in organelles can reflect the state of organelles in living cells. Moreover, some abnormal micro-environments in organelles are closely related to organelle dysfunction and disease development. So, visualizing and monitoring the variation of micro-environments in organelles is helpful for physiologists and pathologists to study the mechanisms of the relative diseases. Recently, a large variety of fluorescent probes was developed to study the micro-environments in living cells and tissues. However, the systematic and comprehensive reviews on the organelle micro-environment in living cells and tissues have rarely been published, which may hinder the research progress in the field of organic fluorescent probes. In this review, we will summarize the organic fluorescent probes for monitoring the microenvironment, such as viscosity, pH values, polarity, and temperature. Further, diverse organelles (mitochondria, lysosome, endoplasmic reticulum, cell membrane) about microenvironments will be displayed. In this process, the fluorescent probes about the “off-on” and ratiometric category (the diverse fluorescence emission) will be discussed. Moreover, the molecular designing, chemical synthesis, fluorescent mechanism, and the bio-applications of these organic fluorescent probes in cells and tissues will also be discussed. Significantly, the merits and defects of current microenvironment-sensitive probes are outlined and discussed, and the development tendency and challenges for this kind of probe are presented. In brief, this review mainly summarizes some typical examples and highlights the progress of organic fluorescent probes for monitoring micro-environments in living cells and tissues in recent research. We anticipate that this review will deepen the understanding of microenvironment in cells and tissues and facilitate the studies and development of physiology and pathology.
The electronic structures of boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) doped by different organic molecules under a transverse electric field were investigated via first-principles calculations. The external field reduces the energy gap of BNNT, thus makes the molecular bands closer to the BNNT band edges and enhances the charge transfers between BNNT and molecules. The effects of the electric field direction on the band structure are negligible. The electric field shielding effect of BNNT to the inside organic molecules is discussed. Organic molecule doping strongly modifies the optical property of BNNT, and the absorption edge is redshifted under static transverse electric field.
The User guide V2.4 of the SinoLC-1 land-cover product. The SinoLC-1 was created by the Low-to-High Network (L2HNet), which can be found at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2022.08.008. More detailed description of the data can be found at the paper published at Earth System Science Data: https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-4749-2023 Click to check all the data versions and download the data (点击查看/下载所有数据版本) NOTE: If you have any data needs, questions, or technical issues, please get in touch with us at ashelee@whu.edu.cn (Zhuohong Li), and we will reply carefully and provide assistance. The latest update is on August 4, 2023. The tiff file of image capture time and original tiles with the size of 6000 × 6000 pixels ( including 1-m Google imagery and 1-m SinoLC-1 results) of Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, Shanghai City, Hefei City, Anhui Province, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province have been updated. We will keep collecting users' feedback and updating the data, stay tuned! Citation format of paper:Li, Z., He, W., Cheng, M., Hu, J., Yang, G., and Zhang, H.: SinoLC-1: the first 1 m resolution national-scale land-cover map of China created with a deep learning framework and open-access data, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 4749–4780, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-4749-2023, 2023. BibTex format of paper: @Article{essd-15-4749-2023, AUTHOR = {Li, Z. and He, W. and Cheng, M. and Hu, J. and Yang, G. and Zhang, H.}, TITLE = {SinoLC-1: the first 1 m resolution national-scale land-cover map of China created with a deep learning framework and open-access data}, JOURNAL = {Earth System Science Data}, VOLUME = {15}, YEAR = {2023}, NUMBER = {11}, PAGES = {4749--4780}, DOI = {10.5194/essd-15-4749-2023} }
Lithium-rich layered oxides (LLO) have drawn increasing attention as one of the most promising cathodes for next-generation high-energy-density lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, they are plagued by low initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE) and terrible cyclic stability due to their intrinsic irreversible oxygen release. Herein, to enhance the comprehensive electrochemical performance of LLO, an effective strategy is brought up to regulate the interfacial oxygen coordination environment via lithium deficiencies, Na+ ion doping, as well as the induced Li+/Ni2+ antisite defects and in-situ epitaxial grown spinel phase. The density functional theory calculations (DFT) confirm that the existence of lithium deficiencies and Na+ ions doping can decrease the diffusion energy barrier of Li+ ions. Meanwhile, the regulated oxygen coordination environment results in a increase in the oxygen vacancy formation energy, which is beneficial for the improvement of the lattice oxygen stability in the deeply charged state. As a result, the modified sample exhibits high initial coulombic efficiency of 91.0% and good capacity retention of 95.3% after 400 cycles at 1 C (1 C = 250 mA g−1). This work offers a new idea for designing advanced LLO cathodes, which could promote their practical applications in high-energy-density LIBs.
The experimental investigation on improving the aircraft aerodynamic performance by DBD (Dielectric Barrier Discharges) plasma is described in this paper. The test has been carried out in a low speed wind tunnel with a wept aircraft model. The plasma actuators were set on the upper surface of swept wing combining with airplane body model. The test results presented include the flow field visualization by PIV (Particle Imaging Velocimetry), lift and drag characteristics under the plasma actuators off and on. The results show that the induced flow by DBD plasma may control the separation on the upper surface of the wing evidently, so that the highest stalling angle of the model increases and maximum lift-to-drag ratio rises, respectively. But with the wind velocity increasing, the effect of the plasma decreases gradually.
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