Susan P. McCormick

National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research

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Robert H. Proctor

National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research

Nancy J. Alexander

Wake Forest University

Martha Vaughan

National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research

Mark Busman

National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research

Santiago Gutiérrez

Universidad de León

Todd J. Ward

Agricultural Research Service

Anne E. Desjardins

Université Laval

Kerry O’Donnell

Agricultural Research Service

Rosa E. Cardoza

Universidad de León

Guixia Hao

National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research

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Agricultural Research Service

137

United States Department of Agriculture

127

National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research

Plant (United States)

University of Minnesota

Cornell University

Michigan State University

University of California, Berkeley

University of California, Davis

Plant Gene Expression Center

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Marasas et al. 1984 “Toxigenic Fusarium Species: Identity and Mycotoxicology” revisited

Figshare (2018)

Kerry O’Donnell Susan P. McCormick Mark Busman Robert H. Proctor Todd J. Ward

This study was conducted to determine the species identity and mycotoxin potential of 158 Fusarium strains originally archived in the South African Medical Research Council’s Mycotoxigenic Fungal Collection (MRC) that were reported to comprise 17 morphologically distinct species in the classic 1984 compilation by Marasas et al., Toxigenic Fusarium Species: Identity and Mycotoxicology. Maximum likelihood and maximum parsimony molecular phylogenetic analyses of single and multilocus DNA sequence data indicated that the strains represented 46 genealogically exclusive phylogenetically distinct species distributed among eight species complexes. Moreover, the phylogenetic data revealed that 80/158 strains were received under a name that is not accepted today (ex F. moniliforme) or classified under a different species name. In addition, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and/or high-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS)-based mycotoxin analyses were conducted to determine which toxins the strains could produce in liquid and/or solid cultures. All of the trichothecene toxin–producing fusaria were nested within the F. sambucinum (FSAMSC) or F. incarnatum-equiseti (FIESC) species complexes. Consistent with this finding, GC-MS analyses detected trichothecenes in agmatine-containing broth or rice culture extracts of all 13 FSAMSC and 10/12 FIESC species tested. Species in six and seven of the eight species complexes were able to produce moniliformin and beauvericin, respectively, whereas B-type fumonisins were only detected in extracts of cracked maize kernel cultures of three species in the F. fujikuroi (FFSC) species complex.

10.6084/m9.figshare.7390385

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Interdependence of Endomembrane Trafficking and Actin Dynamics during Polarized Growth of Arabidopsis Pollen Tubes

PLANT PHYSIOLOGY (2010)

Yan Zhang Jun‐Min He David R. Lee Susan P. McCormick

Abstract During polarized growth of pollen tubes, endomembrane trafficking and actin polymerization are two critical processes that establish membrane/wall homeostasis and maintain growth polarity. Fine-tuned interactions between these two processes are therefore necessary but poorly understood. To better understand such cross talk in the model plant Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), we first established optimized concentrations of drugs that interfere with either endomembrane trafficking or the actin cytoskeleton, then examined pollen tube growth using fluorescent protein markers that label transport vesicles, endosomes, or the actin cytoskeleton. Both brefeldin A (BFA) and wortmannin disturbed the motility and structural integrity of ARA7- but not ARA6-labeled endosomes, suggesting heterogeneity of the endosomal populations. Disrupting endomembrane trafficking by BFA or wortmannin perturbed actin polymerization at the apical region but not in the longitudinal actin cables in the shank. The interference of BFA/wortmannin with actin polymerization was progressive rather than rapid, suggesting an indirect effect, possibly due to perturbed endomembrane trafficking of certain membrane-localized signaling proteins. Both the actin depolymerization drug latrunculin B and the actin stabilization drug jasplakinolide rapidly disrupted transport of secretory vesicles, but each drug caused distinct responses on different endosomal populations labeled by ARA6 or ARA7, indicating that a dynamic actin cytoskeleton was critical for some steps in endomembrane trafficking. Our results provide evidence of cross talk between endomembrane trafficking and the actin cytoskeleton in pollen tubes.

Endomembrane system

Brefeldin A

10.1104/pp.109.142349

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Citations (91)

Male Gametophyte Development.

The Plant Cell (1993)

Susan P. McCormick

Pollen development offers the opportunity to study cell fate, cell patterning, cell polarity, and cell signaling-in this sense, pollen development can serve as a microcosm for all the in- teresting questions facing plant biologists today. The events that culminate in the formation and release of the pollen grain from the plant begin with meiosis and involve an intricate and tightly controlled set of structural and molecular changes, requiring gene expression in both the gametophytic and sporo- phytic tissues of the anther. The biochemistry of angiosperm pollen development was first reviewed comprehensively 18 years ago (Mascarenhas, 1975), and severa1 subsequent reviews have appeared (e.g., Mascarenhas, 1989,1990,1993, this issue; McCormick, 1991; Bedinger, 1992). Although a great deal of progress has been made, it is notable that two of the areas for future research noted by Mascarenhas (1975) remain today: What are the differ- ences in the two cytoplasms that determine the different cell fates of the generative and vegetative cells? What are the func- tions of pollen-specific proteins? In this review, I will give an overview of the current state of knowledge of microsporogen- esis, minimizing repetition of the topics covered in other recent reviews, and I will try to point out promising avenues of re- search for the future.

10.1105/tpc.5.10.1265

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Citations (520)

Phylogenomic Analysis of a 55.1-kb 19-Gene Dataset Resolves a MonophyleticFusariumthat Includes theFusarium solaniSpecies Complex

Phytopathology (2020)

David M. Geiser Abdullah M. S. Al‐Hatmi Takayuki Aoki Tsutomu Arie Virgilio Balmas

Scientific communication is facilitated by a data-driven, scientifically sound taxonomy that considers the end-user's needs and established successful practice. In 2013, the Fusarium community voiced near unanimous support for a concept of Fusarium that represented a clade comprising all agriculturally and clinically important Fusarium species, including the F. solani species complex (FSSC). Subsequently, this concept was challenged in 2015 by one research group who proposed dividing the genus Fusarium into seven genera, including the FSSC described as members of the genus Neocosmospora, with subsequent justification in 2018 based on claims that the 2013 concept of Fusarium is polyphyletic. Here, we test this claim and provide a phylogeny based on exonic nucleotide sequences of 19 orthologous protein-coding genes that strongly support the monophyly of Fusarium including the FSSC. We reassert the practical and scientific argument in support of a genus Fusarium that includes the FSSC and several other basal lineages, consistent with the longstanding use of this name among plant pathologists, medical mycologists, quarantine officials, regulatory agencies, students, and researchers with a stake in its taxonomy. In recognition of this monophyly, 40 species described as genus Neocosmospora were recombined in genus Fusarium, and nine others were renamed Fusarium. Here the global Fusarium community voices strong support for the inclusion of the FSSC in Fusarium, as it remains the best scientific, nomenclatural, and practical taxonomic option available.

Monophyly

Polyphyly

Fusarium solani

10.1094/phyto-08-20-0330-le

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Citations (156)

Trichothecene Triangle: Toxins, Genes, and Plant Disease

Springer eBooks (2012)

Susan P. McCormick Nancy J. Alexander Robert H. Proctor

Chemotype

10.1007/978-1-4614-4066-6_1

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Citations (12)

Regional differences in the composition of Fusarium Head Blight pathogens and mycotoxins associated with wheat in Mexico

International Journal of Food Microbiology (2018)

Minely Cerón-Bustamante Todd J. Ward Amy C. Kelly Martha Vaughan Susan P. McCormick

Diacetoxyscirpenol

10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2018.03.003

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Citations (40)

A novel gene cluster in Fusarium graminearum contains a gene that contributes to butenolide synthesis

Fungal Genetics and Biology (2006)

Linda J. Harris Nancy J. Alexander A. Saparno B. D. Blackwell Susan P. McCormick

Butenolide

Gene cluster

10.1016/j.fgb.2006.11.001

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Citations (52)

Fusarium subtropicale, sp. nov., a novel nivalenol mycotoxin–producing species isolated from barley (Hordeum vulgare) in Brazil and sister to F. praegraminearum

Mycologia (2018)

Carolina Bertuzzi Pereira Todd J. Ward Dauri José Tessmann Emerson M. Del Ponte Imane Laraba

Surveys were conducted in commercial wheat and barley fields in the south central production regions of state of Paraná, Brazil, from 2011 to 2015. Spikes displaying visible Fusarium head blight symptoms were collected and the pathogen isolated from the tissues. The 754 Fusarium isolates recovered were identified by a high-throughput multilocus genotyping assay (MLGT) designed to identify trichothecene toxin–producing fusaria (i.e., formerly B-clade, but referred to here as F. sambucinum species complex lineage 1 [FSAMSC-1]) together with sequencing a portion of the translation elongation factor 1-α (TEF1) gene. One strain was discovered that appeared to be closely related to but phylogenetically distinct from F. praegraminearum based on the relatively low 97.7% TEF1 identity and positive genotype obtained with one of the two F. praegraminearum species–specific MLGT probes. Molecular phylogenetic analyses of a 10-gene data set resolved this novel FSAMSC-1 species and F. praegraminearum as sisters. Formally described herein as F. subtropicale, it is phenotypically distinct from the 22 other FSAMSC-1 species in that it produces mostly 1–3-septate macroconidia. Whole-genome sequence data were used to predict its potential to produce mycotoxins. Chemical analyses confirmed that F. subtropicale could produce the mycotoxins 4,15-diacetylnivalenol, butenolide, culmorin, and fusarin C in vitro, and the pathogenicity experiment revealed that F. subtropicale could infect but not spread in susceptible hard red spring wheat cultivar “Norm.”

Species complex

10.1080/00275514.2018.1512296

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Citations (11)

External Hemorrhoid (Nursing)

Aaron Lawrence Emily R. McLaren Susan P. McCormick

Hemorrhoid disease is a common pathology that can yield symptoms ranging from minimal discomfort or inconvenience to excruciating pain and significant psychosocial implications. Conservative measures are considered first-line, and a primary care physician can initiate these. Patient education is paramount. Persistent or severe hemorrhoid disease can be managed by a colorectal surgeon who has numerous modalities at their disposal. These range from minimally invasive procedures to surgical hemorrhoidectomies. [1]

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Chromium(III) complexes of the conjugate bases of substituted 1-hydroxypyrazole 2-oxides

Journal of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry (1977)

John F. Hansen Susan P. McCormick D.X. West

Conjugate

10.1016/0022-1902(77)80555-1

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Citations (2)