Water used for washing carcasses of slaughtered animals and slaughter house is referred to as abattoir wastewater. This study was designed to investigate the microorganisms associated with abattoir wastewater and to establish the biodegradation potential of abattoir wastewater microbiota. Isolation of the microbes was carried out using pour plate technique. The total viable count for the microbes’ ranges from 2.5×104 - 4.6×105 cfu/mL. Results revealed that all the physicochemical parameters exceeded the permissible limits (total dissolved solid (TDS) 1748mg/L, total suspended solid (TSS) 176mg/L, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) 91 mg/L and chemical oxygen demand (COD) 227 mg/L). Microorganisms isolated include Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus anthracis, Aspergillus niger, A. flavus, Mucor sp, Trichophyton quickeanum and Penicillium sp. Some of the microbes were observed to have biodegradation potential by their ability to grow on mineral salt media (MSM) incorporated with starch, cellulose, crude oil, kerosene and diesel as the sole source of carbon and energy. This study suggests that abattoir wastewater harbors microorganisms that could be hazardous to public health when discharged into the environment untreated hence the need for strict monitoring. These microbes isolated could be employed as agent of bioremediation of wastewaters.
Key words: Abattoir; Biodegredation; Isolation; Microbiota; Wastewater
Yemen is the least advanced country among Middle Eastern countries in sewage reuse and safety control. The current sewage effluent quality in Yemen is generally poor as none of the existing sewage treatment plants produces effluents that comply with the effluent quality regulations. There is no plan to build tertiary treatment systems. However, the oxidation and stabilization ponds are considered most appropriate for the warm climate conditions in the country. Sewage effluents and biosolids generated from these ponds are used extensively for agricultural purposes. This review discusses the potential use of solar disinfection (SODIS) and lime treatment for the reduction of pathogens in sewage effluents and biosolids before reuse. SODIS and lime treatment are natural processes, simple, easily implemented, produce non-toxic by-products and are low cost. The merits of these processes are enormous, and they are suitable for application in developing countries such as Yemen.
Earth and coastal ecosystems are not static, and they usually respond to environmental changes, mostly anthropogenic and climatic. Here, the authors described natural values, coastal landforms, and types of infrastructure that are most likely to be affected by climate change (CC) and provide information for assessing inundation, erosion, and recession risks for a chosen location. In this chapter, the authors focused on the land uses, the vulnerability of coastal infrastructure, and argued for effective linkages between CC issues and development planning. They also recommended the incorporation of CC impact and risk assessment into long-term national development strategies. Policies will be presented to implement these recommendations for adaptation to climate variability and global CC. The authors provide general recommendations and identify challenges for the incorporation of climate change impacts and risk assessment into long-term land-use national development plans and strategies. Overall, this chapter provides an overview of the implications for CC to coastal management.
Palm oil mill effluent (POME) is produced in large volumes by many of the palm oil mills in Malaysia and contributes a major source of pollution. The main aim of the present study was to evaluate the biodegradation potential of bacterial isolated from POME and to find the most suitable strain(s) for a biological treatment technology of POME. The isolates were identified by sequences analysis of 16S rRNA genes. Sequencing of the 16S rRNA of the isolates suggests that they were identified as Micrococcus luteus101PB, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia102PB, Bacillus cereus103PB, Providencia vermicola104PB, Klebsiella pneumoniae105PB and Bacillus subtilis106PB.Results revealed that total suspended solids (TSS), oil and grease were reduced dynamically with treatments after 5 days. Bacillus cereus103PB produced the highest activity in reducing TSS (71.63%), oil and grease (85.14%).Simulation study results showed comparable reduction of parameters measured. The results presented in this study of simultaneous removal of TSS, oil and grease, appears useful for practical wastewater treatment as a compact treatment system for POME. Thus the strain Bacillus cereus103PB is the most effective bacteria and the best candidate to use in biological treatment technology of POME having the highest TSS, oil and grease reduction rate. Hence Bacillus cereus103PB do possess the biodegradation ability and is able to reduce the pollutants of the effluent sample. These results suggested that Bacillus cereus103PB might be applicable to a wastewater treatment system for the removal of TSS and oil. The strain also produces extracellular lipase and cellulase which stimulates better waste treatment. This study demonstrated that POME degrading microorganisms can be isolated from POME polluted area and the degrading ability of these microorganisms is a clear indicator that these bacteria can be applied in the bioremediation techniques for biodegradation of POME to enhance treatment.
This study was aimed at identifying indigenous microorganisms from palm oil mill effluent (POME) and to ascertain the microbial load. Isolation and identification of indigenous microorganisms was subjected to standard microbiological methods and sequencing of the 16S rRNA and 18S rRNA genes. Sequencing of the 16S rRNA and 18S rRNA genes for the microbial strains signifies that they were known as Micrococcus luteus 101PB, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia 102PB, Bacillus cereus 103PB, Providencia vermicola 104PB, Klebsiella pneumoniae 105PB, Bacillus subtilis 106PB, Aspergillus fumigatus 107PF, Aspergillus nomius 108PF, Aspergillus niger 109PF and Meyerozyma guilliermondii 110PF. Results revealed that the population of total heterotrophic bacteria (THB) ranged from 9.5 × 105 - 7.9 × 106 cfu/mL. The total heterotrophic fungi (THF) ranged from 2.1 × 104 - 6.4 × 104 cfu/mL. Total viable heterotrophic indigenous microbial population on CMC agar ranged from 8.2 × 105 - 9.1 × 106 cfu/mL and 1.4 × 103 - 3.4 × 103 cfu/mL for bacteria and fungi respectively. The microbial population of oil degrading bacteria (ODB) ranged from 6.4 × 105 - 4.8 × 106 cfu/mL and the oil degrading fungi (ODF) ranged from 2.8 × 103 - 4.7 × 104 cfu/mL. The findings revealed that microorganisms flourish well in POME. Therefore, this denotes that isolating native microorganisms from POME is imperative for effectual bioremediation, biotreatment and biodegradation of industrial wastewaters.Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti mikroorganisma asli daripada efluen kilang minyak sawit (POME) dan untuk menentukan beban mikrob. Pengasingan dan pengenalpastian mikroorganisma asli tertakluk kepada kaedah piawai mikrobiologi dan penjujukan gen 16S rRNA dan 18S rRNA. Penjujukan daripada gen16S rRNA dan 18S rRNA untuk strain mikrob menunjukkan bahawa mereka dikenali sebagai Micrococcus luteus 101PB, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia 102PB, Bacillus cereus 103PB, Providencia vermicola 104PB, Klebsiella pneumonia 105PB, Bacillus subtilis 106PB, Aspergillus fumigates 107PF, Aspergillus nomius 108PF, Aspergillus niger 109PF dan Meyerozyma guilliermondii 110PF. Keputusan menunjukkan bahawa jumlah populasi bakteria heterotropik (THB) berkisar antara 9.5 × 105 – 7.9 × 106 cfu/mL. Jumlah heterotopic fungi (THF) berkisar antara 2.1 × 104 – 6.4 × 104 cfu/mL. Jumlah populasi mikrob asli heterotropik pada medium agar CMC masing-masing berkisar antara 8.2 × 105 – 9.1 × 106 cfu/mL (bakteria) dan 1.4 × 103 – 3.4 × 103 cfu/mL (fungi). Penemuan mendapati bahawa mikroorganisma berkembang dengan baik di dalam efluen kilang minyak kelapa sawit (POME). Oleh itu, ini menunjukkan bahawa pengasingan mikroorganisma asli dari efluen kilang minyak sawit (POME) adalah penting untuk bioremediasi, rawatan bio dan biodegradasi sisa industri yang berkesan.
Soilmicrobeswere isolated to determine their potential to produce amylase. The microbes were isolated and identified from soils of bakery waste, local flourmill waste, using pour plate method. The organism identified includes Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus fumigatus, Escherichia coli, Micrococcus sp., Staphylococcus aureus and Mucor. The organisms were screened for amylase production and only B. licheniformis; B. subtilis, A. niger and A. fumigatus showed positive result to screening. Amylase activity was assayed using 3, 5-Dinitrosalicyclic acid (DNSA) method. All strains yielded high amount of amylase at optimumtemperature and pH. Optimum temperature of amylase produced by B. subtilis, B. licheniformis, A. niger, and A. fumigatus was at 700C, 700C, 700C, 400C respectivelywith amylase activity ranging from0.00083 ÂÂ 0.00457mg/ml/sec. The optimumpHfor all the isolatewas pH 7with amylase activity ranging from0.000471 ÂÂ 0.00457 mg/ml/sec. The data obtained fromoptimization of amylase activity assay condition was subjected to Pearson Correlation Statistical analysis which showed that the organisms (B. subtilis, B. licheniformis, A. niger, A. fumigatus) have significant growthwithmoderate temperature but decrease with increase in temperature. Generally, as the incubation time increases enzyme activity increase also increase in pH decreases the enzyme activity except for B. licheniformis. The result obtained reveals that these isolates are good producers of amylase and could be exploited for production of amylase in food, brewery, textile and detergent industry.
Phosphorus solubilizing bacteria (PSB) are a type of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria which has the ability to convert insoluble phosphate into plant available forms. They are used as biofertilizers to restore soil health and fertility. In the present investigation, isolation, characterization and optimization of phosphate solubilizing activity of these microbes at different pH, temperature and carbon source was carried out. Eight phosphorus solubilizing rhizospheric bacteria (PSRB) isolates isolates were recovered from different farms in six local government from maize rhizosphere using the spread plate method on Pikovskaya agar. Amongst these eight isolates, five were recovered from Lafia local government while three were recovered from Kokona local government with the development of a prominent halozone. All isolates were morphologically characterised, amplified, and sequenced for taxonomic identification using 16S primers. The results indicated they belong to member of the genus Acinetobacter, Ochrobactrum, Brucella, Curtobacterium, Leifsonia and Microbacterium respectively. These strains when grown at different conditions of external carbon sources, temperature and pH showed highest phosphorus solubilizations of 326.23 µg/ml ± 0.21 at 30 °C, 325.50µg/ml ± 1.13 at a pH of 7 and 320.30µg/ml ± 0.36 with glucose as carbon source. The results from these findings could indicate the use of these isolate as trial biofertilizers on the field which will help improve crop yield and enhance plant growth promotion
Anthropogenic exercises as well as industrial enterprise and agricultural practices contribute considerably to the degradation and contamination of environment that considerably affects the soil. The normal physical and chemical know-how soil washing used for soil remediation render the land useless as a medium for plant growth, as they take away all biological activities. Others are labor-intensive and have high maintenance value phytoremediation, a cheaper and sustainable in situ remediation technique was so thought of. This data can enable proposing solutions to issues of contamination and eventually convalescent sites and soils. However, plants don't have the aptitude to degrade several soil waste matters particularly the organic pollutant. It's so imperative to require advantage of the degrading ability of soil microorganisms. This review so focuses on phytoremediation techniques improved by microbial colonies.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3244176
Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) have been identified as an essentialgroup of microorganisms due to the health-promoting effects theyexert on human and animal hosts. This research was conducted to,isolate LAB from whey obtained from kindirmo a locally fermentedcow milk product in Nigeria, characterize the strains based onphysiological and biochemical properties and identify them using16SrRNA sequencing. A total of 32 samples were collectedaseptically and the whey cultured on an MRS and M17 media.Physiological and biochemical results showed that the isolatedorganisms, which were mostly rod and cocci shaped, includedgram positive and catalase negative species. The organisms didnot only vary in their abilities to tolerate and grow at differentconcentrations of pH, temperature and NaCl, but were able toferment twelve different sugars distinctively. The ten most desirablestrains obtained were subsequently screened by moleculartechniques using PCR and sequence analysis. The PCR resultsrevealed that 98% of the identified organisms were Lactobacillusbulgaricus, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus acidophilus,Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus gasseri andLactobacillus plantarum. These findings showed that kindirmocould be an excellent and potential source of probiotic bacteria,which are often the main sources of probiotics. Further screeningand identification processes were recommended to ascertain thefunctional, technological and probiotic properties of the strains.
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