본 연구는 무대재배 복숭아 ‘미황’을 대상으로 성숙기간 중 RGB 영상을 취득한 후 다양한 품질 지표를 측정하고 이를 딥러닝 기술에 적용하여 복숭아 과실 숙도 분류의 가능성을 탐색하고자 실시하였다. 취득 영상 730개의 데이터를 training과 validation에 사용하였고, 170개는 최종 테스트 이미지로 사용하였다. 본 연구에서는 딥러닝을 활용한 성숙도 자동 분류를 위하여 조사된 품질 지표 중 경도, Hue 값, a*값을 최종 선발하여 이미지를 수동으로 미성숙(immature), 성숙(mature), 과숙(over mature)으로 분류하였다. 이미지 자동 분류는 CNN (Convolutional Neural Networks, 컨볼루션 신경망) 모델 중에서 이미지 분류 및 탐지에서 우수한 성능을 보이고 있는 VGG16, GoogLeNet의 InceptionV3 두 종류의 모델을 사용하여 복숭아 품질 지표 값의 분류 이미지별 성능을 측정하였다. 딥러닝을 통한 성숙도 이미지 분석 결과, VGG16과 InceptionV3 모델에서 Hue_left 특성이 각각 87.1%, 83.6%의 성능(F1 기준)을 나타냈고, 그에 비해 Firmness 특성이 각각 72.2%, 76.9%를 나타냈고, Loss율이 각각 54.3%, 62.1%로 Firmness를 기준으로 한 성숙도 분류는 적용성이 낮음을 확인하였다. 추후에 더 많은 종류의 이미지와 다양한 품질 지표를 가지고 학습이 진행된다면 이전 연구보다 향상된 정확도와 세밀한 성숙도 판별이 가능할 것으로 판단되었다.
This study makes use of this distinction to analyze the exhaust gas concentration and fuel of the circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boiler that mainly uses wood biomass, and to develop the emission factors of Methane (CH 4 ), Nitrous oxide (N 2 O). The fuels used as energy sources in the subject working sites are Wood Chip Fuel (WCF), RDF and Refused Plastic Fuel (RPF) of which heating values are 11.9 TJ/Gg, 17.1 TJ/Gg, and 31.2 TJ/Gg, respectively. The average concentrations of CH 4 and N 2 O were measured to be 2.78 ppm and 7.68 ppm, respectively. The analyzed values and data collected from the field survey were used to calculate the emission factor of CH 4 and N 2 O exhausted from the CFB boiler. As a result, the emission factors of CH 4 and N 2 O are 1.4 kg/TJ (0.9–1.9 kg/TJ) and 4.0 kg/TJ (2.9–5.3 kg/TJ) within a 95% confidence interval. Biomass combined with the combustion technology for the CFB boiler proved to be more effective in reducing the N 2 O emission, compared to the emission factor of the CFB boiler using fossil fuel.
감자 12품종의 내염성 비교를 위하여 NaCl 0, 75, 150, 225 mM을 처리한 MS배지에서 줄기 단일절편을 기내 배양하여 신초길이와 무게, 근길이 및 proline 함량 변화를 조사하였다. NaCl 처리에 따른 신초와 근생장의 품종 간 비교에 적정한 NaCl 처리농도는 75 mM이었다. NaCl 150 mM과 225 mM 처리에서는 신초의 로제트화 및 엽의 백화현상이 심하여 품종 간 비교가 어려웠다. 신초의 길이와 무게는 '대지', '수미', '자영', '하령'이 양호하였으며, '고운', '대서', '홍영' 등은 불량하였다. 근길이는 '서홍', '수미', '하령' 등이 양호하였던 반면, '고운', '대서', '대지', '조원', '추백' 등은 극히 미미하였다. Proline 함량은 모든 품종에서 NaCl 처리농도가 높을수록 증가하였으며 그 증가량은 신초와 근생장이 양호했던 품종들이 불량했던 품종보다 더 낮은 경향이었다. 이상의 결과로 볼 때 '수미'와 '하령'이 NaCl 처리배지에서 신초와 근생장 모두 양호하여 내염성이 강한 품종으로 판단되었으며, 이들 품종들을 활용한 추가 포장시험을 통하여 국내 간척지 등 염류화 토양에서도 감자재배가 가능할 것으로 기대된다. In order to compare salt tolerance among potato cultivars (Solanum tuberosum L.), in vitro plants of each cultivar were cultured on the Murashige and Skoog's medium containing different levels of NaCl (0, 75, 150, and 225 mM). The suitable level of NaCl for a comparison of the shoot and root growth between potato cultivars was 75mM. Shoot length and weight were better in 'Dejima', 'Superior', 'Jayoung', and 'Haryeong' than in other cultivars such as 'Goun' and 'Atlantic'. Normal root growth was observed in 'Seohong', 'Superior', and 'Haryeong', while 'Goun', 'Atlantic', 'Dejima', 'Jowon', and 'Chuback' showed no root. Proline contents in all the cultivars increased as affected by NaCl levels, then the increase amount was fewer in the cultivars showed a better growth in both shoot and root than in others showed a poor growth. As a result of this study, 'Superior' and 'Haryeong' were determined as salt tolerant cultivars and therefore using these cultivars it would be possible to potato production at salt arable land such as reclaimed tidal.
The purpose of this study was to examine whether climate change has had a nation-wide impact on peach production based on long-term time series data from 1980 to 2019 in Korea. We analyzed the structural change in peach production and the dynamic relationship between its production and cultivation area to provide information that can influence decision making by potential and existing fruit farms and related organizations. First, we found that large-scale natural disasters (freezing damage, typhoons) affected the structural change in the peach production in 2010. Second, the dynamic relationship between peach production and cultivation area was greatly diluted after 2010. The change in the cultivation area from 1980 to 2009 had a positive effect on production, but from 2011 to 2019, the peach cultivation area rapidly increased due to external diseconomy from the 2015 FTA closure support project. Third, due to the rapid increase in cultivation area, it is expected that an excess of nearly 300,000 tons of peaches will be produced in the near future. Therefore, the central government, local governments, and related organizations should take measures to reduce peach cultivation, mitigate the impact of climate change, and establish a timely information delivery system. On the other hand, peaches should be distributed abroad through quality improvement and export expansion. Through this, it is necessary to strengthen the competitiveness of peaches and maintain a stable supply to improve and stabilize farm household income in the long term.
This research aims to empirically test the effects of dysfunctional customer behavior on emotional exhaustion and counterproductive work behavior in medical institutions. The Structural Equations Modeling(SEM) is used to test the research model and hypotheses. The results show that hospital employees' perception on dysfunctional customer behavior had strong effect on emotional exhaustion and counterproductive work behavior. Hospital employees' emotional exhaustion also led to their counterproductive work behavior. The degrees of intermediate effect of emotional exhaustion were different between individual employee and organizational level. The study findings support that dysfunctional customer behavior could impede organizational productivity and, thus, suggest the appropriate organizational strategy.
Location-based premiums for hotels have been observed in various segments, such as downtown and resort hotels. However, the location effect of airport hotels has not yet been studied, despite the longstanding history and significance of this market, which is arguably the most location-sensitive segment. It has also been found that former models for hotel location based on firms’ bid-rent functions were not directly applicable to airport hotels, even when the monocentricity assumption holds. Thus, the current study applied the household bid-rent function to provide a theoretical justification for premiums on airport proximity and estimated their effects on room rates using the hedonic pricing method. Results indicated that location premiums for airport hotels are simultaneously affected by their proximity to the central business district as well as the airport. Implications for the hotel industry and suggestions for future research are discussed.
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