The formulation and implementation of carbon reduction policies are pivotal strategies for attaining the Carbon Peaking and Carbon Neutrality objectives in China, yet there has been limited in-depth research at the policy level. This study systematically compiled 179 central government carbon reduction policy documents and 1183 local government carbon reduction policy documents from China. These policies were classified into command-and-control (CC), market-based (MB), and public participation (PP) categories based on their policy tools. Through detailed content analysis, the intensity of each policy within each category was calculated and the distributions of both quantity and intensity were analyzed. Subsequently, a multiple regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the impact of policy intensity on carbon emissions at the provincial level. The findings highlight a more pronounced policy activity and intensity in the eastern regions relative to the central and western regions, reveal the dominance of CC policies in terms of both their prevalence and intensity, and identify a counterintuitive increase in carbon emissions associated with CC policies. This research elucidates the landscape of China’s carbon reduction policies, offering nuanced insights into their distribution, intensity, and effectiveness in lowering carbon emissions, often a major concern of policymakers, researchers, and industry stakeholders.
The high pressure structure and elastic properties of calcium azide (Ca(N3)2) were investigated using in-situ high-pressure X-ray diffraction and Raman scattering up to 54 GPa and 19 GPa, respectively. The compressibility of Ca(N3)2 changed as the pressure increased, and no phase transition occurred within the pressure from ambient pressure up to 54 GPa. The measured zero-pressure bulk modulus of Ca(N3)2 is higher than that of other alkali metal azides, due to differences in the ionic character of their metal-azide bonds. Using CASTEP, all vibration modes of Ca(N3)2 were accurately identified in the vibrational spectrum at ambient pressure. In the high-pressure vibration study, several external modes(ext.) and internal bending modes(ν2) of azide anions(N3−) softened up to ~7 GPa and then hardened beyond that pressure. This evidence is consistent with the variation observed in the FE-fE data analyzed from the XRD result, where a turning point appears on the curve at 7.1 GPa. The main behaviors under pressure are the alternating compression, rotation, and bending of N3− ions. The bending behavior makes the structure of Ca(N3)2 more stable under pressure.
The improvement of ferromagnetic properties is critical for the practical application of multiferroic materials, to be exact, BiFeO₃ (BFO). Herein, we have investigated the evolution in the structure and morphology of Ho or/and Mn-doped thin films and the related diversification in ferromagnetic behavior. BFO, Bi0.95Ho0.05FeO₃ (BHFO), BiFe0.95Mn0.05O₃ (BFMO) and Bi0.95Ho0.05Fe0.95Mn0.05O₃ (BHFMO) thin films are synthesized via the conventional sol-gel method. Density, size and phase structure are crucial to optimize the ferromagnetic properties. Specifically, under the applied magnetic field of 10 kOe, BHFO and BFMO thin films can produce obvious magnetic properties during magnetization and, additionally, doping with Ho and Mn (BHFMO) can achieve better magnetic properties. This enhancement is attributed to the lattice distortions caused by the ionic sizes difference between the doping agent and the host, the generation of the new exchange interactions and the inhibition of the antiferromagnetic spiral modulated spin structure. This study provides key insights of understanding the tunable ferromagnetic properties of co-doped BFO.
FOXD2-AS1 is known to promote the development of several cancers. However, its role in pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) is unclear.Expression of FOXD2-AS1 and miR-30a-3p in PAAD patients was analyzed with RT-qPCR. A follow-up study was performed to analyze the prognostic value of FOXD2-AS1 for PAAD. Overexpression assays were performed to analyze the crosstalk between FOXD2-AS1 and miR-30a-3p. Cell invasion and migration were analyzed by transwell assays.Analysis of the TCGA dataset revealed that FOXD2-AS1 was upregulated in PAAD tissues compared to the non-cancer tissues (1.89 vs. 0.2 TPM), indicating potential involvement of FOXD2-AS1 in PAAD. Our own data also showed FOXD2-AS1 was overexpressed in PAAD. Moreover, high FOXD2-AS1 levels predicted poor survival. It is predicted that miR-30a-3p can bind FOXD2-AS1, while their overexpression did not affect each other's expression. Correlation analysis revealed a significant correlation between FOXD2-AS1 and COX-2. In addition, FOXD2-AS1 overexpression increased COX-2 level, while miR-30a-3p played an opposite role. FOXD2-AS1 and COX-2 overexpression increased PAAD cell invasion and migration. MiR-30a-3p played an opposite role and inhibited the effects of FOXD2-AS1 and COX-2 overexpression.FOXD2-AS1 may promote PAAD cell invasion and migration by sponging miR-30a-3p to upregulate COX-2.
Simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) technique is a popular strategy to convey both information and RF energy for harvesting at receivers. In this regard, we consider a relay employing SWIPT strategy, where splitting the received signal leads to a rate-energy trade-off. In literature, the works on transceiver design have been studied using computationally intensive and suboptimal convex relaxation based schemes. In this paper, we study the balanced precoder design using chordal distance (CD) decomposition to provide a better rate-energy trade-off, which incurs much lower complexity and flexible to dynamic energy requirements. It is analyzed that given a non-negative value of CD, the achieved harvested energy for the proposed balanced precoder is higher than that for the perfect interference alignment (IA) precoder, while verifying the analyzed loss in sum rates. Simulation results verify the analysis and add that the IA schemes based on mean-squared error are better suited for the SWIPT maximization than the subspace alignment-based methods.
In this paper, we propose a novel efficiency-optimized charge pump for AMOLED display driver IC. In our design, we not only present a switching-voltage dynamic adjustment technique, but also utilize a dynamic biasing method to minimize the on-resistance of the switches, and improve the efficiency of the proposed charge pump. To verified our design, a prototype charge pump has been fabricated by Nuvoton 0.35-μm 2P3M BCD process. The experimental results show that when the values of load current are respectively 0mA, 60mA and 120mA, the efficiencies of our proposed charge pump are effectively improved by 17.78%, 18.46%, and 18.6% compared to the conventional charge pump.
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