G. Engelhardt

Research Field

Purification and Properties of an Aryl Acylamidase of Bacillus sphaericus , Catalyzing the Hydrolysis of Various Phenylamide Herbicides and Fungicides

Applied Microbiology (1973)

G. Engelhardt P. R. Wallnöfer Roland Plapp

From Bacillus sphaericus ATCC 12123 an aryl acylamidase (EC 3.5.1.13) was purified to homogeneity by ion exchange chromatography, gel filtration, and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The enzyme is inducible by various phenylamides of the acylanilide, phenylcarbamate, and methoxysubstituted phenylurea type. It has a molecular weight of 75,000. Enzyme activity was inhibited by sulfhydryl reagents, several metal ions, and 3,4-dichloroaniline (a product of linuron degradation). A requirement for divalent metal ions in enzyme activity could not be demonstrated. In the presence of 6 M urea an irreversible inactivation of the enzyme occurred. The hydrolysis of L-alanine-4-nitroanilide was competitively inhibited by puromycin.

Bacillus sphaericus

Divalent

10.1128/am.26.5.709-718.1973

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Citations (73)

Transformation of the mycotoxin ochratoxin A in artificially contaminated vegetables and cereals

Mycotoxin Research (1997)

Monika Ruhland G. Engelhardt PR Wallnöfer

Ochratoxins

Suspension culture

10.1007/bf02945066

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Citations (11)

Recovery and metabolism of glufosinate in transgenic, BASTA®-tolerant rape and maize crops.

Gesunde Pflanzen (2000)

Monika Ruhland G. Engelhardt Karlheinz Pawlizki

Glufosinate

Deamination

Source

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Citations (0)

Transformation of the Fusarium mycotoxin zearalenone in maize cell suspension cultures

The Science of Nature (1988)

G. Engelhardt Gabriele Zill Bernadette Wohner P. R. Walln�fer

Suspension culture

10.1007/bf00367324

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Citations (63)

Microbial hydroxylation of 4-chlorobiphenyl and 4,4′-dichlorobiphenyl

Chemosphere (1973)

P. R. Wallnöfer G. Engelhardt Stephen Safe O. Hutzinger

Hydroxylation

10.1016/0045-6535(73)90060-x

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Citations (41)

Effect of 2-methyl- and 2-halogen-substitution on the rate of hydrolysis of benzanilide fungicides by Bacillus sphaericus

Chemosphere (1976)

G. Engelhardt P. R. Wallnöfer

Bacillus sphaericus

Substitution (logic)

10.1016/0045-6535(76)90026-6

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Citations (2)

Metabolism of the insecticide Baythroid by cell suspension cultures

Chemosphere (1984)

U. Preiß K. Wagner Linthard Oehlmann G. Engelhardt P. R. Wallnöfer

Conjugate

Amide

Callus

Suspension culture

Primary metabolite

10.1016/0045-6535(84)90159-0

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Citations (8)

Degradation ofLinuron andSomeOtherHerbicides andFungicides bya Linuron-Inducibl e Enzyme Obtained fromBacillus sphaericus

G. Engelhardt P. R. Wallnöfer Roland Plapp

Themicrobial degradation ofphenylamide herbicides andrelated compounds hasreceived considerable attention inrecent years. Acylanilide-, phenylcarbamic acid-, andphenylurea herbicides aredegraded insoil tothecorresponding anlines andvarious products arising fromthesubstituents oftheanilides. A numberofdifferent soil microorganisms havebeenisolated whichareresponsible forthis degradation, andattempts havebeen madetoisolate theenzymes involved tostudy the mechanism ofdegradation ofthese herbicides in moredetail. Partially purified enzymepreparations froma strain ofPseudomonas striata (4) wereactive indegrading phenylcarbamate and acylanilide herbicides. Crudeextracts fromFusariwn solani (6)andfromaPenicilliwn species (9)showedactivity onacylanilides. Recently, it hasbeendemonstrated thatapartially purified enzymepreparation fromBacillus sphaericus ATCC 12123isabletodegrade N'-methoxy phenylurea herbicides, giving rise totheformation ofthecorresponding halogen-substituted anilines andsome, asyetunidentified, degradation products(12). Thepresent study wascarried outto examine thesubstrate specificity ofthelinurondegrading enzymeandtodetermine thereaction sequence bywhichthis herbicide isdegraded.

Degradation

Strain (injury)

Source

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Citations (0)

Bacterial degradation of model compounds for lignin and chlorophenol derived lignin bound residues

FEMS Microbiology Letters (1980)

H.G. Rast G. Engelhardt W. Ziegler P.R. WallnÃ¶fer

Degradation

10.1111/j.1574-6968.1980.tb05091.x

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Citations (37)