Conclusion: Our study reflects the advantages of
multidisciplinary co-operation in the field of palliative
oncological care and presents the methods of treatment of
dysphagia due to esophageal stenosis. These procedures enhance
the quality of life and facilitate further palliative
treatment.
V poslednich letech zaznamenala lecba nemalobuněcneho karcinomu
plic (NSCLC) velký pokrok. Diky preparatům biologicke lecby a
imu-noterapie doslo v připadě nemalobuněcneho karcinomu plic ke
zlepseni přežiti předevsim u neoperabilnich mistně pokrocilých
a metastatických NSCLC. Preparaty, ktere cileně působi na
pochody uvnitř nadorových buněk, se uplatňuji předevsim u
adenokarcinomů. Již v době stanoveni diagnozy je nutne co
nejpřesněji urcit morfokogickou diagnozu, a pokud je to
indikovano, provest geneticke testovani. Preparaty imunoterapie
jsou ucinne i u skvamozniho NSCLC. U malobuněcneho karcinomu
(SCLC) je poznavani řidicich mutaci a mechanismů zatim omezene.
U SCLC je za standardni chemoterapeutický režim stale
považovana kombinace etoposidu a cisplatiny nebo etoposidu a
karboplatiny. Nedilnou soucasti lecby NSCLC i SCLC je
radioterapie.
Cemiplimab in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with PD-L1 (programmed death ligand type 1) expression ≥50% showed a significant improved overall survival (OS) with increasing expression of PD-L1. To our knowledge there exist no similar data published for pembrolizumab regarding the increased OS in relation to the PD-L1 expression. Therefore, the objective of our study was to determine whether improvement in OS reflects increased expression levels of PD-L1 (≥50%) in patients with NSCLC.
Lung cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide. Approximately 85 % of lung cancers are non-small cell lung cancers while 15 % are small cell lung cancers. Histologically, following subtypes of non-small cell cancer are distinguished: adenocarcinoma (38.5 % of all lung cancers), squamous cell carcinoma (20 %) and large cell carcinoma (3 %). Over recent years, the incidence of adenocarcinoma has been increasing. Squamous cell carcinoma is more commonly associated with smoking while adenocarcinoma is the most common histological type in non-smokers. The treatment of non-small cell lung cancer is decided according to clinical stage, morphological diagnosis, and the performance status of the patient. Early-stage patients are typically indicated for surgery. In some cases, adjuvant therapy is indicated. In locally advanced and metastatic stages, chemotherapy, biological treatment, and, recently, immunotherapy is indicated. Radiotherapy should also be considered for locally advanced disease. In small-cell lung cancer, the combination of etoposide and cisplatin or etoposide and carboplatin is still considered standard chemotherapy. Radiotherapy is an integral part of treatment of either type of lung cancer. Keywords: lung cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, small cell lung cancer, chemotherapy, biological therapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy.
