The title compound, C10H12O8, a prospective raw material for colourless polyimides which are applied to electronic and microelectronic devices, lies about an inversion centre and the cyclo-hexane ring adopts a chair conformation. Two crystallographycally independent carb-oxy-lic acid groups on adjacent C atoms are in equatorial positions, resulting in a mutually trans conformation. In the crystal, O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds around an inversion centre and a threefold rotoinversion axis, respectively, form an inversion dimer with an R 2 (2)(8) motif and a trimer with an R 3 (3)(12) motif.
Reduced-intensity stem cell transplantation (RIST) minimizes the adverse effects of traditional hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and low-dose total-body irradiation (TBI) is administered over a short period prior to RIST (TBI-RIST). Different institutes adopt different approaches for the administration of TBI-RIST, and since no study had previously investigated this issue, a survey of the TBI schedules in Japan was conducted. In October 2015, the Japanese Radiation Oncology Study Group initiated a national survey of TBI-RIST procedures conducted between 2010 and 2014. Of 186 institutions performing TBI, 90 (48%) responded to the survey, 78 of which performed TBI-RIST. Of 2488 patients who underwent TBI for malignant disease at these institutions, 1412 (56.8%) patients were treated for leukemia, 477 (19.2%) for malignant lymphoma, 453 (18.2) for myelodysplastic syndrome, 44 (1.8%) for multiple myeloma, and 102 (4.1%) for other malignant diseases. Further, 206 (52.0%) of 396 patients (a high proportion of patients) who underwent TBI for benign disease had aplastic anemia. The TBI-RIST equipment and treatment methods were similar to those used for myeloablative regimens. Routinely shielded organs included the lungs (43.6%), eyes (50.0%) and kidneys (10.2%). The ovaries (14.1%), thyroid (6.4%) and testicles (16.7%) were also frequently shielded, possibly reflecting an emphasis on shielding reproductive organs in children. TBI-RIST was performed more frequently than myeloablative conditioning in patients with benign disease. Genital and thyroid shielding were applied more frequently in patients treated with TBI-RIST than in patients treated with myeloablative conditioning. In conclusion, this study indicates the status of TBI-RIST in Japan and can assist future efforts to standardize TBI-RIST treatment methods and to design a future multicenter collaborative research study.
Quality of life worsened the most severely in patients immediately after intensity-modulated radiation therapy for prostate cancer Yasushi Nakai,1 Nobumichi Tanaka,1 Satoshi Anai,1 Makito Miyake,1 Isao Asakawa,2 Yosuke Morizawa,1 Shunta Hori,1 Kazumasa Torimoto,1 Tomomi Fujii,3 Masatoshi Hasegawa,2 Kiyohide Fujimoto1 1Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan; 2Department of Radiation Oncology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan; 3Department of Pathology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the chronological changes in lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTSs), disease-related quality of life (QOL), and health-related QOL (HR-QOL) of patients who received intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT).Patients and methods: In 121 patients who had received IMRT and were followed up for >2 years, the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), Overactive Bladder Symptom Score (OABSS), Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite (EPIC), and 8-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-8) were used before IMRT, at the halfway point in IMRT, immediately after IMRT, and 1–24 months after the completion of IMRT.Results: The IPSS and OABSS and the urinary and bowel domains of the EPIC indicated that QOL worsened at the halfway point in IMRT, further worsened more severely immediately after IMRT, and then improved. The sexual domain of the EPIC significantly decreased at the halfway point in IMRT, which significantly lowered until 24 months. The scores of physical functioning, role physical, bodily pain, vitality, social functioning, and role emotional domains in the SF-8 significantly decreased and reached their lowest points immediately after IMRT.Conclusion: QOL worsened the most severely in patients immediately after IMRT for prostate cancer. This knowledge can influence treatment recommendations and enable patients to make better informed decisions. Keywords: chronological changes, intensity-modulated radiotherapy, prostate cancer, quality of life, radiotherapy
Abstract Poly(ester imide)s (PEsIs) were prepared from fluorene (FL)‐containing ester‐linked tetracarboxylic dianhydrides and various diamines. The PEsI films achieved excellent combined properties: very high T g 's exceeding 300 °C in some cases, relatively low water absorption, good thermoplasticity, and excellent solubility in common aprotic organic solvents [even when rigid diamines such as p ‐phenylenediamine and trans‐1,4‐cyclohexanediamine (CHDA) were used]. In particular, the PEsI film obtained from CHDA also displayed good optical transparency owing to inhibited charge‐transfer interactions. The partial incorporation of the FL‐containing unit into a colorless polyimide system with an extremely low dielectric constant enabled us to form a fine positive‐tone pattern by a photolithograghic technique. magnified image
