Abstract Digitalization of information on organic reactions is essential for developing next-generation organic syntheses with artificial intelligence and machine-learning (ML) methods. In this regard, reliable information on functional group compatibility and chemoselectivity is critical for understanding the applicability of the reactions. Herein, we report the digitalization of organic reactions using a functional group evaluation (FGE) kit that allows for accurate and rapid assessment of information on the functional group compatibility and chemoselectivity of given organic reactions. Our 26 FGE compounds were used to evaluate 4 types of organic reactions (i.e., cross-coupling, proline-catalyzed aldol, condensation, and ketimine synthesis reactions). As a result, we obtained valuable information for developing a new model of retrosynthetic analysis tools and a deeper understanding of these reactions.
We report a method for cleaving the C(O)-sp2C bonds of unactivated acylazaarenes via benzimidazoline intermediates using a mild redox neutral catalytic system involving scandium triflate. This method avoids the need for preactivation or transition metal catalysts, enabling efficient C-C bond cleavage in a broad range of substrates, including 2-acylimidazoles, 2-acylpyridines, 2-acylpyrole, and even nonchelating 3-acylindole, in which direct C-C bond cleavage has not been previously achieved.
Functional group compatibility in an amide bond cleavage reaction with hydrazine was evaluated for 26 functional groups in the functional group evaluation (FGE) kit. Accurate and rapid evaluation of the compatibility of functional groups, such as nitrogen-containing heterocycles important in drug discovery research, will enhance the application of this reaction in drug discovery research. These data will be used for predictive studies of organic synthesis methods based on machine learning. In addition, these studies led to discoveries such as the unexpected positive additive effects of carboxylic acids, indicating that the FGE kit can propel serendipitous discoveries.
2-Acylimidazoles are widely used as post-transformable carboxylic acid equivalents in chemoselective and enantioselective reactions. Their transformations, however, require pretreatment with highly reactive, toxic methylating reagents to facilitate C-C bond cleavage. Here, we demonstrate that such pretreatment can be avoided and the C-C bond cleaved under neutral conditions without the use of additional reagents or catalysts. The scope of the reaction, including the use of products reported in the literature as substrates, and some mechanistic insights are described.
'%3e%3cg id='b'%3e%3cpath id='a' stroke='%23000' stroke-width='2' d='M-6-25H6m-12 3H6m-12 3H6'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' y='44'/%3e%3c/g%3e%3cpath stroke='%23fff' d='M0 17v10'/%3e%3ccircle r='12' fill='%23cd2e3a'/%3e%3cpath fill='%230047a0' d='M0-12A6 6 0 0 0 0 0a6 6 0 0 1 0 12 12 12 0 0 1 0-24z'/%3e%3c/g%3e%3cg transform='rotate(-123.69)'%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23b'/%3e%3cpath stroke='%23fff' d='M0-23.5v3M0 17v3.5m0 3v3'/%3e%3c/g%3e%3c/svg%3e)
'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' transform='rotate(23.036 .093 25.536)'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' transform='rotate(45.87 1.273 16.18)'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' transform='rotate(69.945 .996 12.078)'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' transform='rotate(20.66 -19.689 31.932)'/%3e%3c/svg%3e)