Objective To know about the ongoing pregnancy rate,cesarean section rate of HIV-infected pregnant women and formula feeding rate of their infants in China during 2003-2011.Methods Databases including PubMed,Web of Science,the Cochrane Library,China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),Chinese Science and Technology Periodical Database(VIP),Wanfang Database(WF)and Chinese Biological Medical Literature Database(CBM)were searched from the date of their establishment to May 2013;the literatures published in both Chinese and English reporting ongoing pregnancy,cesarean section of HIV-infected pregnant women,or formula feeding of their infants were collected.Then according to the inclusion criteria,two researchers independently screened the literature,extracted the data and assessed the quality of the included articles.Meta-analyses were conducted using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software(V2.0,Biostat,Englewood,New Jersey).Meta regression analysis was conducted to identify the source of heterogeneity.Results Of the total 2 356 records,61eligible articles were finally included.The results of meta-analysis showed that nationally,the rate of pregnancy continuation rates among HIV-infected pregnant women during 2003-2011 were 67.50%(95%CI[51.73%,80.10%]),60.49%(95%CI[18.59%,91.13%]),51.80%(95%CI[28.13%,74.68%]),62.59%(95%CI[54.60%,69.96%]),64.93%(95%CI[50.18%,77.29%]),70.65%(95%CI[62.20%,77.88%]),65.66%(95%CI[59.70%,71.16%]),67.85%(95%CI[52.66%,80.02%]),and 75.00%(95%CI[59.46%,85.99%]),respectively;the caesarean section rates among these women during 2004-2010 were 26.33%(95%CI[9.41%,55.14%]),43.40%(95%CI[34.30%,52.96%]),42.57%(95%CI[35.73%,49.70%]),69.43%(95%CI[13.48%,97.07%]),46.68%(95%CI[27.27%,67.16%]),61.14%(95%CI[49.37%,71.75%])and 56.60%(95%CI[36.36%,74.85%]),respectively;and the formula feeding rates of exposed infants were kept at relatively high levels(90.00% above)for all the years except for 2005,which was 82.65%.Conclusion The overall rate of pregnancy continuation of HIV-infected pregnant women represents an increase in recent years in China;the cesarean section rate is high,fluctuating and increasing;the formula feeding rate of their infants keeps stable at a high level.
Fanlian Huazhuo Formula (FLHZF) has the functions of invigorating spleen and resolving phlegm, clearing heat and purging turbidity. It has been identified to have therapeutic effects on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in clinical application. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is frequently diagnosed in patients with T2DM. However, the therapeutic potential of FLHZF on NAFLD and the underlying mechanisms need further investigation.
Increasing evidence has suggested an association of adiponectin gene polymorphisms rs1501299, rs2241766, rs266729 and rs3774261 with risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This correlation has been extensively meta-analyzed for the first two polymorphisms, but not the second two.The PubMed, EMBASE, Google Scholar, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases were searched for relevant literature. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated.A total of 10 case-control studies on rs266729 (2,619 cases and 1,962 controls) and 3 case-control studies on rs3774261 (562 cases and 793 controls) were included. Meta-analysis showed that rs266729 was associated with significantly higher NAFLD risk based on the following five models: allelic, OR 1.72, 95% CI 1.34-2.21, P < 0.001; recessive, OR 2.35, 95% CI 1.86-2.95, P < 0.001; dominant, OR 1.84, 95% CI 1.34-2.53, P < 0.001; homozygous, OR 2.69, 95% CI 1.84-3.92, P < 0.001; and heterozygous, OR 1.72, 95% CI 1.28-2.32, P < 0.001. This association between rs266729 and NAFLD risk remained significant for all five models among studies with Asian, Chinese and Caucasian samples. The rs2241766 polymorphism was associated with significantly higher NAFLD risk according to the recessive model (OR 1.87, 95% CI 1.15-3.04, P = 0.01).Polymorphisms rs266729 and rs3774261 in the adiponectin gene may be risk factors for NAFLD. These findings may pave the way for novel therapeutic strategies, but they should be verified in large, well-designed studies.
Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics of refractory hyponatremia induced by hypopituitarism in seventeen patients and to explore the etiology,clinical symptoms,and treatment.Methods The clinical symptoms,laboratory results and etiology were retrospectively analyzed in seventeen patients with refractory hyponatremia caused by hypopituitarism.The clinieal characteristics and therapies were summarized.Results The symptoms were complicated in patients with hyponatremia caused by hypopituitarism.Regular complement of salt and water did not improve and hyponatremia; whereas therapies with glucocorticoids could efficiently treat refractory symptoms and hyponatremia.Conclusions Routine examination of adenohypophysis function should be performed in patients with refractory hyponatremia.Hypopituitarism is an important cause of refractory hyponatremia.Salt should not be complemented blindly to avoid the delay of proper treatment.
Key words:
Hypopituitarism; Hyponatremia; Glucocorticoids
17α-Hydroxylase deficiency (17-OHD) is a rare form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia, characterized by hypertension, hypokalemia, and gonadal dysplasia. However, due to the lack of a comprehensive understanding of this disease, it is prone to misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis, and there is no complete cure.We report a female patient with 17-OHD. The patient was admitted to the Department of Neurology of our hospital due to limb weakness. During treatment, it was found that the patient's condition was difficult to correct except for hypokalemia, and her blood pressure was difficult to control with various antihypertensive drugs. She was then transferred to our department for further treatment. On physical examination, the patient's gonadal development was found to be abnormal, and chromosome analysis demonstrated karyotype 46,XY. Considering the possibility of 17-OHD, the cytochrome P450 family 17 subfamily A member 1 (CYP17A1) test was performed to confirm the diagnosis.The clinical manifestations of 17-OHD are complex. Hormone determination, imaging examination, chromosome determination and CYP17A1 gene test are helpful for early diagnosis.
In recent years, instant messaging tools have become one of the main channels for people to communicate, and WeChat is one of the most important members. Since WeChat was launched, monthly active users have exceeded 1 billion. In January 2015, WeChat friends circle advertisement was officially launched and used in the form of information flow advertisement, which users praised or criticized differently. Therefore, it is a problem that WeChat research and development team and advertisers must face to improve users' willingness to accept advertisements in the circle of friends. We used "WeChat" and "circle of friends" as key words to search in CNKI, and the number of articles retrieved was 205. After carrying out quantitative analysis and content analysis of relevant documents (2013 - 2018), it is found that most of the studies were carried out from the perspective of the communication mechanism, marketing strategy and comparative analysis of advantages and disadvantages of WeChat circle of friends. In addition, some studies are based on advertisement avoidance, user participation and willingness to accept. At the same time, we also take WeChat as the research background, integrate the development and changes of TAM (technology acceptance model), and summarize the basic situation of users' willingness to accept WeChat friends' circle advertisement in our country so as to provide more direction and space for the optimization research of WeChat friends' circle advertisement.
A variation of Raman feature on excitation wavelength in silicon nanowires was observed. Based on the quantum size confinement effect, the resonant Raman scattering phenomenon and the existence of different sizes of Si grains in the samples, a plausible mechanism to interpret the novel feature was proposed and supported by experimental facts.
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