In the study, it was investigated the effect of the three types of friction behaviour on the fibre loss tendency of the raised 3-thread fleece fabric, known as futter fabric. Face of 3-thread fabric contacted with the skin is raised for having well touch feeling and thermal comfort. The fabric is napped with the effects of the raising process. By raising, some fibres hold to the fabric at least one side, while others could be standing freely on the surface though fibre ends leave the fabric construction. During the usage of the raised fabric, the fibres standing freely on the surface could be caused some disadvantages for customers. There are not any standards that could measure the fibre loss degree from surface of raised fleece fabrics. In this experiment, three different test devices having different friction character were used and it was investigated the fibre loss degree on the rubbed surface as qualitative and quantitative approaches by using subjective evaluation and SEM analyses. In the study, the 3-thread fleece fabric, which is called 30-70-14, contain combed ring yarn (Ne 30) for the front face, %50/50 cotton/PES blended open-end yarn (Ne 14) for the back face and filament PES (70 denier) as connection, was used as specimen. The fleece fabric was dyed to black colour by using both the reactive and the disperse dyestuffs. In the study, during the test, the woven, single jersey and rib knit fabrics were chosen as adjacent fabrics in terms of friction on the raised face of the fabric. The tests were repeated at two conditions by using dry and humid adjacent fabrics because of the changeability of the friction coefficient between dry and humid surfaces. The fibre loss tests were made by martindale devices having different friction character. In these devices, beside differences of the type of friction, the test period was also accepted as test parameters. According to tests, it was seen the friction character was crucial effect on the fibre loss and the most fibre loss on the raised fabric was found at Martindale test device having sinusoidal movement. Moreover, the fibre loss at the raised fabric increased with using of humid adjacent fabrics, associated with the escalating of friction coefficient and friction time by using subjective and SEM analyses. Thus, it could be said, it must consider these three parameters while developing fibre loss performance test for raised fabric.
The removal of the color of dye from wastewaters is one of the main problems of the textile industry for both colorists and manufacturers. In this study, ozone gas was used to decolorize the reactive dye effluents. Nine commercial dyes were used for preparing the reactive dye effluents. These dyes have different three anchors (monochlorotriazine, vinylsulphone, monochlorotriazine-vinylsulphone) and three chromophore groups (monoazo, diazo, azo-cu). Thus, in this study, the effect of ozone treatments was investigated on the decolorization efficiency of dyes having different chromophore and anchor groups. In addition, the effect of ozone on the decolorization efficiency depending on the presence of ultrasound energy and dyeing auxiliaries was studied. The results showed that ozonation treatment was an effective method for the decolorization of reactive dye effluents and, generally, the presence of ultrasound had generally positive effect on the efficiency of decolorization.
In this study, it was aimed at detailed investigation of the parameters (fibre content, fixing type and weaving looms type) that affect shrinkage test, elasticity, residual extension and fabric width of the woven fabric. With this aim, in the study, 18 different types of 3/1 S twill fabrics were weaved by choosing 3 different blends, 2 different fixing situation of the yarns (fixed and non-fixed yarn) and 3 different weaving looms (itema and picanol-rapier weaving machine, zax- air jet weaving machine). Pre-treatment processes were done for all the fabrics, and the fabrics were dyed by impregnation method at the same reactive dyeing recipe. A set of tests such as (shrinkage test, elasticity, residual extension etc.) were employed the fabrics in the study. The data from the tests were analysed statistically. According to the variance analyses with the 95% confidence range, it was observed the fibre content was not significant (p>0,05) while fixing situation of the yarns and weaving loom type were significant (p<0,05).
Abstract Extra washing treatments are one of the effective ways to overcome problems like poor fastness, and called reproduction process in textile finishing operation. In this experimental study, we investigated some extra washing aftertreatments as reproduction for completely deep dyed PET/viscose/elastane woven fabric using reductive and reactive washing methods. After washing applications, we measured the colour performances (ΔE, ΔL, ΔC, ΔH) and colour fastness properties (colour fastness to washing, perspiration, rubbing, water, and dry cleaning) of washed samples by comparing according to the reference sample. The results of experimental studies showed that we could achieve fastness values of samples up to an optimum value without changing their colorimetric values.
Purpose In this dichotomous study, the silicone-based softeners were produced with the contribution of some additives such as glycerin, polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG 400) and polyethylene glycol 4000 (PEG 4000) which had hydrophilic hydroxyl groups for providing or developing the hydrophilic character, lubricity and filling properties of the emulsions. The paper aims to discuss this issue. Design/methodology/approach The produced softeners were applied to the 100 percent cotton-knitted fabrics at different concentrations (owf%). In the first part of the study, the produced silicone emulsions were characterized via particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential and TGA analyses. In addition, the effects of these emulsions on the mechanical properties of the fabrics were examined by bursting strength and pilling tests, and also the whiteness degrees (Berger value) of fabrics were researched. In the second part of the study, the effects of produced silicone softeners on the comfort properties of the fabrics were investigated. Findings According to the results, it was possible to say that the additives could be successfully added to the silicone emulsions, and they did not have a crucial effect on the properties of the emulsions or the mechanical and whiteness properties of the fabrics. Research limitations/implications In this study, the additives were used as single form in the softeners recipes; however, their dual or trio combinations and/or their different concentrations could be used in the softeners emulsions. Practical implications In order to enhance the hydrophilic character, the lubricity and filling properties of the silicone softeners, they could be produced by using appropriate additives. Originality/value The contribution of the additives to the recipes of the silicone softeners is a novel approach.
