Pierre Quévreux

Sorbonne Université

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Michel Loreau

Station d’Écologie Théorique et Expérimentale

ÉT

Élisa Thébault

Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique

Sébastien Barot

Sorbonne Université

Bart Haegeman

Station d’Écologie Théorique et Expérimentale

Ulrich Brose

German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research

Matthieu Barbier

Centre Occitanie-Montpellier

Rémi Pigeault

Station d’Écologie Théorique et Expérimentale

Franck Jabot

Université Clermont Auvergne

Sarah Fiorini

Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique

Kejun Zou

Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris

Cooperative Institutions

Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique

Institut de Recherche pour le Développement

Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement

Sorbonne Université

Université Paris-Est Créteil

Station d’Écologie Théorique et Expérimentale

Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris

Université Paris Cité

Cereep Ecotron Île-de-France

Université Paris Sciences et Lettres

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Interactions between green and brown food webs in aquatic ecosystems: a mesocosm experiment

Pierre Quévreux Kejun Zou Sébastien Barot Élisa Thébault Emma Rochelle‐Newall

Mesocosm

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Nutrient cycling and self‐regulation determine food web stability

Functional Ecology (2021)

Kevin R. Theis Pierre Quévreux Michel Loreau

Abstract To understand ecosystems, an integrative approach combining functional ecology and community ecology is required. Nutrient cycling is a good example since it links each organism to the major flows of materials in ecosystems. Together with the demographic processes governing the mortality of organisms (and hence their nutrient losses) such as self‐regulation, nutrient recycling has a major impact on ecosystem dynamics and stability. By considering stochastic perturbations in the vicinity of the equilibrium affecting the top species in a food chain, we assessed stability based on the temporal variability in the different compartments of the food chain for different recycling efficiencies and self‐regulation intensities. Our results show that nutrient cycling always has a destabilising effect on perturbed species, while lower trophic levels are stabilised or destabilised depending on their trophic distance from the perturbed species. Thus, for species at odd distances from the top species, nutrient cycling is stabilising, whereas for species at even distances, nutrient cycling is destabilising. Self‐regulation generally stabilises systems, unless its effects are too strong. Finally, nutrient cycling and self‐regulation have opposite effects because nutrient cycling dampens the stabilising effect of self‐regulation. Considering these two phenomena together is necessary to assess the effects of perturbations on species dynamics and thus to understand the overall response of ecosystems in the context of global changes. A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.

Cycling

Nutrient cycle

10.1111/1365-2435.13961

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Citations (2)

Metabolic adjustment enhances food web stability

Oikos (2018)

Pierre Quévreux Ulrich Brose

Understanding ecosystem stability is one of the greatest challenges of ecology. Over several decades, it has been shown that allometric scaling of biological rates and feeding interactions provide stability to complex food web models. Moreover, introducing adaptive responses of organisms to environmental changes (e.g. like adaptive foraging that enables organisms to adapt their diets depending on resources abundance) improved species persistence in food webs. Here, we introduce the concept of metabolic adjustment, i.e. the ability of species to slow down their metabolic rates when facing starvation and to increase it in time of plenty. We study the reactions of such a model to nutrient enrichment and the adjustment speed of metabolic rates. We found that increasing nutrient enrichment leads to a paradox of enrichment (increase in biomasses and oscillation amplitudes and ultimately extinction of species) but metabolic adjustment stabilises the system by dampening the oscillations. Metabolic adjustment also increases the average biomass of the top predator in a tri‐trophic food chain. In complex food webs, metabolic adjustment has a stabilising effect as it promotes species survival by creating a large diversity of metabolic rates. However, this stabilising effect is mitigated in enriched ecosystems. Phenotypic plasticity of organisms must be considered in food web models to better understand the response of organisms to their environment. As metabolic rate is central in describing biological rates, we must pay attention to its variations to fully understand the population dynamics of natural communities.

Allometry

Ecological stability

Trophic cascade

Extinction (optical mineralogy)

10.1111/oik.05422

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Citations (10)

Spatial heterogeneity of biomass turnover has contrasting effects on synchrony and stability in trophic metacommunities

Ecology Letters (2023)

Pierre Quévreux Bart Haegeman Michel Loreau

Abstract Spatial heterogeneity is a fundamental feature of ecosystems, and ecologists have identified it as a factor promoting the stability of population dynamics. In particular, differences in interaction strengths and resource supply between patches generate an asymmetry of biomass turnover with a fast and a slow patch coupled by a mobile predator. Here, we demonstrate that asymmetry leads to opposite stability patterns in metacommunities receiving localized perturbations depending on the characteristics of the perturbed patch. Perturbing prey in the fast patch synchronizes the dynamics of prey biomass between the two patches and destabilizes predator dynamics by increasing the predator's temporal variability. Conversely, perturbing prey in the slow patch decreases the synchrony of the prey's dynamics and stabilizes predator dynamics. Our results have implications for conservation ecology and suggest reinforcing protection policies in fast patches to dampen the effects of perturbations and promote the stability of population dynamics at the regional scale.

Ecological stability

Spatial heterogeneity

Dynamics

10.1111/ele.14297

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Predator avoidance and foraging for food shape synchrony and response to perturbations in trophic metacommunities

Journal of Theoretical Biology (2021)

Pierre Quévreux Rémi Pigeault Michel Loreau

Metacommunity

Extinction (optical mineralogy)

Trophic cascade

10.1016/j.jtbi.2021.110836

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Citations (10)

Interplay between the paradox of enrichment and nutrient cycling in food webs

Oikos (2020)

Pierre Quévreux Sébastien Barot Élisa Thébault

Nutrient cycling is fundamental to ecosystem functioning. Despite recent major advances in the understanding of complex food web dynamics, food web models have so far generally ignored nutrient cycling. However, nutrient cycling is expected to strongly impact food web stability and functioning. To make up for this gap, we built an allometric and size structured food web model including nutrient cycling. By releasing mineral nutrients, recycling increases the availability of limiting resources for primary producers and links each trophic level to the bottom of food webs. We found that nutrient cycling can provide a significant part of the total nutrient supply of the food web, leading to a strong enrichment effect that promotes species persistence in nutrient poor ecosystems but leads to a paradox of enrichment at high nutrient inputs. The presence of recycling loops linking each trophic level to the basal resources weakly affects species biomass temporal variability in the food web. Recycling loops tend to slightly dampen the destabilising effect of nutrient enrichment on consumer temporal variability while they have opposite effects for primary producers. By considering nutrient cycling, this new model improves our understanding of the response of food webs to nutrient availability and opens perspectives to better link studies on food web dynamics and ecosystem functioning.

Nutrient cycle

Cycling

Primary producers

10.1111/oik.07937

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Citations (8)

Review for "A general meta‐ecosystem model to predict ecosystem functions at landscape extents"

Pierre Quévreux

Total human ecosystem

Ecosystem model

10.1111/ecog.06790/v2/review1

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Author response for "Spatial heterogeneity of biomass turnover has contrasting effects on synchrony and stability in trophic metacommunities"

Pierre Quévreux Bart Haegeman Michel Loreau

Spatial heterogeneity

10.1111/ele.14297/v3/response1

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Perspectives in modelling ecological interaction networks for sustainable ecosystem management

Journal of Applied Ecology (2024)

Pierre Quévreux Ulrich Brose Núria Galiana Anton Potapov Élisa Thébault

Abstract The concept of ecological interaction networks has been widely used in fundamental ecology in the last two decades and has progressively infused in a diverse array of applied studies. Classical studies represented species interactions as static interaction webs to identify generalities in the structure of ecological networks and understand the propagation of indirect effects of species on each other and the environment. More recent research demonstrates that ecological networks are emerging features of community and interaction processes. Understanding the determinants of interaction variability in space and time and its consequences for biodiversity dynamics and ecosystem functioning constitute current frontiers in ecological network science. Although these frontiers meet a variety of applied ecological questions, many network models have been developed without clear applied perspectives. We detail how we could build on them to advance three main topics. First, the spatial dimension of ecological networks has direct implications for the design of sustainable landscapes and fisheries, for agroecology and for lake management. Second, the temporal dimension of ecological networks provides important insights for projecting biodiversity changes and adapting human actions. Third, the interactions between the abiotic and biotic components of ecosystems constitute key drivers of biogeochemical cycles, thereby providing important levers for sustainable management. Synthesis and applications . Collaborative work between empirical and theoretical network ecologists could accelerate the delivery of realistic models to inform applied practices across disciplines.

Ecological network

10.1111/1365-2664.14584

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Citations (3)

Author response for "Spatial heterogeneity of biomass turnover has contrasting effects on synchrony and stability in trophic metacommunities"

Pierre Quévreux Bart Haegeman Michel Loreau

Spatial heterogeneity

10.1111/ele.14297/v2/response1

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