Abstract Background: Several strategies have been developed to reduce collagen degradation in the adhesive interface. Epigallocatechin3gallate (EGCG) has the ability to stabilize collagen, and it is effective in microbial reduction. Aims and Objectives: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the antimicrobial potential, water sorption (WS), and solubility of a universal adhesive incorporated with EGCG at concentrations of 0.02%, 0.1%, and 0.5%, respectively. Materials and Methods: Atotal of 40 specimens of composite resin disks, to which the adhesives were applied, were divided into four groups: control (without EGCG), 0.02%, 0.1%, and 0.5%. The specimens were submitted to an in vitro cariogenic challenge, inoculated with Streptococcus mutans for 3 days for biofilm formation. The generated biofilm was collected, and the colonyforming units were established. For the solubility test, the specimens using the adhesive were divided into the same groups mentioned previously (n = 10). Adhesive models were made following an ISO standard for sorption and solubility tests. Microbiological data were submitted to the analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by the Tukey test (P < 0.05). ANOVA was used to evaluate WS and solubility, and comparisons were made by post hoc analysis by the Student–Newman–Keuls method (P < 0.05). Results: A statistical difference was observed regarding the antimicrobial potential between the groups without and with EGCG at 0.5% (P = 0.03). EGCG 0.5% presented the highest values of solubility and WS (P < 0.01 and P = 0.009, respectively). Conclusion: The addition of 0.5% EGCG was capable of inhibiting biofilm formation; however, it caused significant alteration of the solubility and sorption of the adhesive.
ABS>Briefly discussed are the characteristics (oxidation resistance, moderate cross section, and adaptability to reprocessing) that recommend Fe-Al alloys for use as cladding materials for gas-cooled core components, and the metallurgical peculiarities (brittleness, joining difficulties, and marginal hot strength) that have limited their use in the past. The properties of a newlydeveloped Fe-Al base alloy (71/2 wt.% Al, 5 wt.% Cr, 1 wt. % Cb, 1/2 wt.% Ti, remainder Fe) in which the deficiencies of older materials have been largely eliminated are summarized. Exploratory studies involving the fabrication by hot- roll bonding of dummy fuel elements are described; this work consisted of bonding the alloy described above to itself, to a 302B stainless steel-UO/sub 2/ cermet, and to a 0.20 wt,% C steel-Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ cermet. Steps in assembling the elements, using a modified picture frame technique, are covered briefly. Methods for removing surfuce oxides from element components are discussed; it is concluded that mechanical abrasion is most satisfactory. Edge welding of assemblies before rolling them is recommended to avoid oxidation of interfaces. The development of hotrolling procedures capable of insuring complete bonding of components is described; rolling and heattreatment schedules are presented in tabular form. Photomicrographs illustrating the recrystallization bondsmore » obtained between core and clad and in the deadend portions of elements are included. A moderate amount of data is presented on the preparation of FeAl base matrix materials, using powder metallurgical techniques, Comparisons are made between methods of obtaining powdered alloys (elemental powders, master alloys, and other techniques). Pressures and sintering temperatures employed in iorming compacts are discussed. Also covered is the cold rolling of the sintered compacts. The bend ductility and oxidation resistance of the rolled strips is correlated with their metallurgical histories. Test results, photographs, and photomicrographs are included. (auth)« less
O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a resistência à tração e a variação de cor do colágeno dentinário biomodificado com RT. 800g de Dimorphandra gardnerianaforam submetidas a cromatografia para obtenção de extrato, que foi seco a 100°C, obtendo 12,4g de RT. 50 molares (parecer 2.006.679) foram utilizados para confeccionar espécimes em forma de palito, que foram divididos em 10 grupos, de acordo com a concentração da RT (0,04%, 0,08% e 0,125%) e o tempo de aplicação (1, 30 e 60 minutos). Os espécimes foram desmineralizados com ácido fosfórico 10%, imersos em soluções de RT e submetidos a teste de tração. Os dados foram analisados com ANOVA e Student-Nelman-Keul. Nível de significância foi de 5%. Adicionalmente, foi avaliada qualitativamente a cor dos espécimes antes e após a biomdificação. O grupo controle apresentou resistência à tração significativamente menor do que os grupos tratados com RT (p<0,05). Não houve diferença estatística entre os grupos biomodificados com RT, independente da concentração e do tempo (p>0,05). O uso de RT não alterou a cor do colágeno dentinário, independente da concentração e do tempo. Conclui-se que a biomodificação, com RT, aumentou a resistência a tração e não alterou a cor do colágeno dentinário.Palavras-chave: Resistência à Tração. Antioxidantes. Propriedades Físicas. Colágeno.
The aim was to evaluate the influence of different modes of application of chlorhexidine digluconate in the preservation of bond strength of universal adhesive system to dentin.Teeth were divided into 3 groups: Distilled water: (control), CHX PT: pre-treatment with 2% chlorhexidine digluconate and CHX+SBU: 2% chlorhexidine digluconate incorporated into the adhesive system.All groups used the Universal adhesive system.After 24 hours, there was no statistical difference between the groups (p>0.05).After 6 months, a significant reduction in the bond strength of the control group was observed when compared to the CHX PT and CHX+SBU (p<0.05).The CHX PT and CHX+SBU maintained the bond strength over time as compared to the 24 hours values (p>0.05).It was concluded that the application of 2% chlorhexidine digluconate, through treatment or incorporated, maintained the bond strength of a universal adhesive system to dentin over time.
The objective of this study was to synthesize and characterize epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG)-loaded/poly(D-L lactide-co-glycolide) acid (PLGA) microparticles, evaluate their effects on degree of conversion and release assay of adhesives, and subsequently to examine the resin-dentin bond strength of two EGCG formulations (free EGCG or loaded into PLGA microparticles) applied as a pretreatment or incorporated into an adhesive system. The formulations were prepared according to a PLGA:EGCG ratio of 16:1 using the spray-drying technique. The size and polydispersity index were determined by light scattering in aqueous dispersion. The degree of conversion (%DC) and release assay were assessed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer, respectively. Subsequently, 45 third molars were divided into five groups (n=9) according to the different EGCG application modes and prepared for bond strength testing in a universal testing machine. Results demonstrated no statistically significant difference among the DC means after the PLGA microparticles were loaded with EGCG. For the release assay, the 1.0% PLGA/EGCG group presented better results after being elected for use in the bond strength test. The resin-dentin bond strengths of the experimental groups after 12 months of water storage were significantly higher than in the control group. EGCG could improve the durability of the resin-dentin bond over time and promote a new era for adhesive dentistry with the concept of controlled release.
Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of smear layer removal by cavity cleaning agents by the use of atomic force microscopy (AFM). Methods: Five intact human third molars were sectioned in the coronal portion to obtain dentin disks, which were ground with 600-grit abrasive paper for 10 s. Serial longitudinal sections were made perpendicular to each other to create four specimens, from each tooth. The specimens were divided into four treatment groups: GI, 2% chlorhexidine; GII, calcium hydroxide solution; GIII, 1.23% fluoride solution; and GIV, 37% phosphoric acid. The solutions were applied with a brush for 60 s, with the exception of the 37% phosphoric acid, which was applied for 15 s and rinsed with distilled water for 60 s. The specimens were examined by AFM. Results: All of the specimens in GI and GII showed 100% of the dentin tubules obliterated by the smear layer. However, all of the specimens in GIII and GIV showed 0% of the dentin tubules obliterated by the smear layer. Conclusion: The 1.23% fluoride solution was effective in removing the smear layer and can be used as a cavity cleanser.
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the influence of the soft-start curing protocol in the degree of conversion of a nanohybrid composite.METHODS: Ten specimens were prepared from the polymerization of the composite resin Llis using two protocols: conventional (1000 mW/cm² for 20 seconds) or gradual (250 mW/cm² for 20 seconds + 1000 mW/cm² for 15 seconds). Then, analyzes were performed using a spectrophotometer and data were subjected to Two-way ANOVA and Holm-Sidak test. The significance level was 5%.RESULTS: There was no statistical difference between the average resin conversion degree of composite values in the base area and top for both curing protocols (p > 0.05).CONCLUSION: Therefore, the use of soft-start curing protocol did not interfere in the degree of conversion of a nanohybrid composite.
Background: Universal adhesive systems used for restorative clinical procedures are like orthodontics and may be a viable option.This study evaluated the effectiveness of universal adhesive systems in enhancing the durability of the shear bond strength (SBS) and adhesive remnant index (ARI) of orthodontic brackets to enamel.Material and Methods: 100 bovine incisors were divided into five groups (n=20), according to the applied adhesive systems: Primer Transbond XT; Ambar; Ambar Universal; Single Bond Universal; Adper Single Bond 2. Bracket from each tooth were submitted to SBS test after 24 hours, and 12 months later.The amount of remaining adhesive was evaluated through ARI.Results: After 24 hours, there was no difference in BS between the control and the other groups (p>0.05).However, there were difference between TOTALETCHING1 group and the Ambar Universal (p=0.015) and Single Bond Universal groups (p=0.011).After 12 months, Primer Transbond XT, Ambar, Ambar Universal and Adper Single Bond 2 showed no differences in the SBS (p>0.05).Nonetheless, Single Bond Universal presented superior result when compared to Primer Transbond XT (p=0.046) and Ambar (p=0.011)groups.The SBS of all groups reduced significantly after 12 months (p<0.05).There was no difference between ARI scores in each individually assessed group (p>0.05), for both periods.Following 24 hours, a difference was observed between the groups (p=0.043),fact that didn't occur after 12 months (p=0.109).Conclusions: Adhesive systems, such as Ambar Universal and Single Bond Universal are efficient in bonding orthodontic brackets to enamel when associated with Transbond XT adhesive paste.
O objetivo desse estudo in vitro foi avaliar o efeito do flavonoide epigalocatequina-3-galato (EGCG) na resistencia de uniao a dentina nos periodos imediato e apos 6 meses de armazenamento. Trinta terceiros molares humanos recem-extraidos tiveram o esmalte oclusal removidos, obtendo-se uma superficie plana de dentina. Os dentes foram divididos em 5 grupos (n=6) de acordo com a solucao de re-hidratacao da dentina. As superficies expostas de dentina foram condicionadas com acido fosforico a 35% por 15s, lavadas por 30s, e secas com jatos de ar. Os dentes dos grupos G1, G2, G3, G4 e G5 foram re-hidratados, respectivamente, com agua destilada, EGCG a 0,02%, 0,1%, 0,5% e clorexidina a 2%. Cada solucao de re-hidratacao foi mantida em contato coma superficie dentinaria por 60s. O sistema adesivo - Adper Single Bond 2 (3M ESPE) foi aplicado de acordo com a instrucoes do fabricante. Cinco incrementos de 1 mm de espessura de resina composta foram aplicados e fotoativados individualmente por 20 segundos. Os dentes foram armazenados em agua destilada a 37°C por 24h. Em seguida, foram confeccionados cortes seriados perpendiculares entre si, atraves da interface de uniao, para obter especimes em forma de palito com a area de seccao transversal de aproximadamente 1 mm2. Metade dos especimes foi testada imediatamente enquanto a outra metade foi armazenada em solucao de azida de sodio a 0,3 mMol/l a 37°C por seis meses. Cada especime foi tracionado a velocidade de 0,5mm/minuto em uma maquina universal de ensaios. Os valores de resistencia de uniao foram estatisticamente avaliados por ANOVA a dois criterios e Student-Newman-Keuls, com nivel de significância de 95%. A media (desvio padrao) dos valores de resistencia de uniao (em MPa) foram os seguintes: No periodo imediato - G1= 34,17 (7,75); G2= 31,39 (7,82); G3= 34,74 (9,14); G4= 27,11 (7,78); G5= 34,68 (7,30). No periodo de 6 meses - G1= 27,67 (6,98); G2= 31,75 (10,58); G3= 35,99 (10,91); G4= 31,18 (9,29); G5= 31,62 (5,78). O EGCG a 0,02 % e a 0,1% nao afetou a resistencia de uniao, no periodo imediato (p>0,05). Apos 6 meses de armazenamento, o EGCG em diferentes concentracoes manteve a resistencia de uniao. EGCG pode ser usado como uma alternativa para melhorar a durabilidade das restauracoes adesivas, pois preserva a resistencia de uniao das interfaces.
O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar, através de uma revisão de literatura, a influência de bebidas corantes na estabilidade de cor do esmalte clareado. Por meio dos descritores “clareamento dental”, “cor”, “bebidas”, em inglês e português, em diferentes combinações, nas bases de dados PubMed e Bireme, entre 2000 e 2017.Foram obtidos 381 artigos científicos, dos quais foram selecionados 10 artigos conforme o título e o Resumo, sendo 8 de experimentos laboratoriais, 1ensaio clínico e 1 artigo de revisão de literatura. Os estudos evidenciam diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre o vinho tinto, a cola, o chá e o café, onde o vinho tinto cola e chá causaram mais mancha no esmalte dentário clareado, e o café não afetou a eficácia na estabilidade de cor. Após o clareamento, as soluções corantes afetaram a estabilidade de cor do esmalte. O vinho foi o principal agente corante envolvido na alteração de cor após o procedimento de clareamento no esmalte clareado.Palavras-chave: Clareamento Dental. Cor. Bebidas.