Reverse osmosis systems are generally designed and utilized on the basis of reference membrane water flux and desalting performance at 400 psi net driving pressure (NDP). Membranes now being offered and tested at a preliminary commercial stage are capable of equivalent performance at 200 psi NDP. These membranes offer immediately obvious savings in energy costs for reverse osmosis desalting and water reclamation. In addition, they can make a most important contribution to reduced membrane replacement costs and improved permeate quality when operating on high salinity feeds at higher recovery levels. A number of hypothetical cases were developed and tabulated, assuming a 200 psi NDP sea water membrane was available. Substantial benefits could be expected if such a membrane could be developed and reduced to practice. Additional cost savings and performance improvements can be realized by operating the 200 psi NDP membranes at somewhat higher applied pressures which preserve or enhance NDP.
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReverse osmosis makes high quality water nowSeymour S. KremenCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1975, 9, 4, 314–318Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es60102a014https://doi.org/10.1021/es60102a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views314Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
