Faecalibacterium duncaniae is an intestinal commensal bacterium proposed as a next-generation probiotic due to its promising outcomes in the treatment and prevention of several human diseases, which demonstrate its multiple contributions to the host’s health. However, its strict anaerobic nature has created several hurdles in the development of functional foods, nutraceuticals, and biotherapeutic products. Herein, we explored freeze-dried formulations containing prebiotics, cryoprotectants, and antioxidant agents as a technological strategy to enhance the viability of F. duncaniae DSM 17677 upon aerobic storage and gastrointestinal tract conditions. Our results indicate that freeze-dried F. duncaniae in a matrix containing inulin, sucrose, cysteine, and riboflavin survived at levels higher than 106 CFU/g and around 105 CFU/g after 1 and 4 days of aerobic storage at room temperature, respectively. Thus, the freeze-dried formulation with inulin, sucrose, cysteine, and riboflavin presents as a protective strategy to improve F. duncaniae viability under aerobic environments. Nevertheless, incorporation of a suitable coating aimed at protecting F. duncaniae against the detrimental gastrointestinal passage effects is urgently required, given its high susceptibility to extreme acidic pH values and bile.
The waters surrounding Abrolhos Archipelago, Brazil, serve as one of several winter grounds for southern-hemisphere humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae). Development of tourism in this region has caused concern over disturbance effects to breeding and nursing whales. To document the chronology of humpback abundance around Abrolhos, three years of visual-scan data obtained during July through November 1998-2000 were analyzed. During 1-hour scans, observers visually tracked all groups within 9.3km and nearly 360° around a land-based theodolite station to determine group size, composition and behavior. Including only groups of known size, hourly counts (n=462) of adult and calf humpback whales ranged from 0-31 and 0-9, respectively. Group size could not be determined for 255 of 2146 groups observed. Humpback whale abundance was seasonal: there were few in early July when surveys began, peaked in early September, and then gradually declined to zero by late November. Based on Poisson regression, the annual chronology of whale occupancy was relatively invariant. Peak counts averaged about 15 adult whales per hour. Although no evidence was found that the timing of peak counts varied, peak abundance varied among years, and more whales were seen during morning than afternoon. The mean number of adults per group did not vary over time (year, day of year, or time of day), but the likelihood of group size being indeterminate varied predictably. Thus, indices of abundance could be adjusted by assuming that the size of indeterminate groups equals mean group size. Calf abundance varied with adult abundance, and the proportion of groups with calves increased from July through November. The high frequency of groups containing a calf (49.8%) within 9.3km of the Abrolhos Archipelago demonstrated the importance of this area for calves, and proper management is recommended.
Introducao: O dengue e uma doenca viral, autolimitada, transmitida pelo mosquito do genero Aedes . A introducao do vector de transmissao na ilha da Madeira levantou a ameaca de uma epidemia. Apesar da implementacao das medidas de controlo do vector,oito anos apos a sua deteccao verificou-se o primeiro surto de dengue na regiao. Este estudo tem como objectivo a caracterizacao dos casos de dengue em idade pediatrica no primeiro surto de dengue desta regiao. Metodologia: Estudo retrospectivo, observacional e descritivo. Foram incluidas criancas e adolescentes dos 0 aos 14 anos com diagnostico de dengue confirmado laboratorialmente. Caracterizacao de variaveis demograficas, clinicas e analiticas, com posterior analise e tratamento estatistico. Resultados: Foram confirmados 182 casos laboratorialmente, verificando-se predominio do sexo masculino e idade media de 9,6 anos. A taxa de incidencia foi de 41,4/10.000 habitantes, com pico de incidencia em Novembro 2012. Os sintomas de apresentacao mais frequentes foram a febre (98,3%), cefaleias (75,2%), mialgias (66,5%) e exantema (51,6%), sendo que as manifestacoes hemorragicas surgiram em 9,9% dos casos. A taxa de internamento foi de 15,9%, com duracao media de 3,8 dias, nao sendo registados obitos.Foi identificado somente o serotipo DEN-1. Discussao : A elevada densidade do vector associada a presenca de hospedeiros susceptiveis podera ter originado a explosao do surto, apos a introducao do virus na regiao. Sendo a imunidade serotipo-especifica, a presenca de um novo serotipo poderia ter consequencias devastadoras, pelo que dada a possibilidade de um novo surto, devem ser mantidas as medidas de controlo entomologico e de proteccao individual.
Disposable field effect transistors (FET) biosensors (bio-FET) based on carbon nanotubes were fabricated for detection of domoic acid (DA), which belongs to the group of biotoxins associated with the amnesic shellfish poisoning. The analytical results obtained with the bio-FET were compared with those obtained with a traditional methodology (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) in order to validate the bio-FET for DA detection. Standard solutions of DA with concentrations between 10 and 500 ng L−1 were tested in order to construct the calibration curve, where five bio-FET were used for reproducibility estimation and two analytical measurements were performed for each bio-FET for repeatability estimation. Ten spiked artificial seawater samples were used to validate the bio-FET. The obtained reproducibility (0.52–1.43%), repeatability (0.57–1.27%), limit of detection (10 ng L−1) and recovery range (92.3–100.3%) reveal an adequate analytical performance of the bio-FET for the detection of DA in environmental samples such as seawater samples.
Strain NL19T is a Gram-stain-negative, aerobic bacterium that was isolated from sludge of a deactivated uranium mine in Portugal. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain NL19T is a member of the genus Pedobacter and closely related to the strains Pedobacter himalayensis MTCC 6384T, Pedobacter cryoconitis DSM 14825T, Pedobacter westerhofensis DSM 19036T and Pedobacterhartonius DSM 19033T. It had a DNA G+C content of 40.8 mol%, which agreed with the genus description. The main fatty acids included C16 : 1ω7c, C14 : 1ω5c, C4 : 0, iso-C17 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, C16 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0 3-OH. The main lipids present were phospholipids (60 %) and sphingolipids (35 %). The most abundant phospholipids included phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylcholine. Menaquinone-7 (MK-7) was the only isoprenoid quinone detected. DNA-DNA hybridization similarities between strain NL19T and Pedobacter himalayensis MTCC 6384T, Pedobacter cryoconitis DSM 14825T, Pedobacter westerhofensis DSM 19036T and Pedobacter hartonius DSM 19033T were 15.3 , 16.2 , 11.5 and 16.0 %, respectively. Strain NL19T can also be distinguished from these four species based on gyrB and intergenic transcribed spacers (ITS) sequences and by some phenotypic traits such as NaCl tolerance, pH, growth temperature and carbon source utilization. Strain NL19Trepresents a novel species of the genus Pedobacter, for which the name Pedobacter lusitanus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is NL19T (=LMG 29220T=CECT 9028T). An amended description of Pedobacter himalayensis is also included.