Abstract Aims: We compared the bone mineral density (BMD) of spinal bone and the femur between patients with cervical cancer and a control group. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the BMD of spinal bone and the femur in 40 patients with cervical cancer and 72 control women. The control women were patients treated with surgery for benign disease. Results: Age, height, bodyweight and body mass index were not significantly different between the two groups. Total femoral BMD in patients with cervical cancer was significantly lower ( P = 0.006) than that of control women. In multiple regression analysis, the bodyweight of patients with cervical cancer was a statistically significant predictor positively correlated with the BMD of the total femur. Conclusion: The results suggest that patients with cervical cancer have low bone mass, especially in the femur, and an increased risk of developing osteoporosis.
Mobile devices are quickly becoming devices powerful enough to run personal computers with the advancement of wireless and mobile technology. Learning by means of mobile phones is becoming a new approach towards education, and it is unique in its own way and offers learning opportunities anywhere and anytime. Mobile Collaborative Learning (MCL) has been getting more importance in educational environment as one type of mobile learning application. This paper introduces the theoretical and technical foundations for designing and developing an effective MCL environment as well as describing a new approach for building a learning application towards mobile technology. Finally the proposed prototype will be designed and constructed using the Android operating system with a suggestive infrastructure for this type of system.
With the rapid growth wireless communication technologies, the number of mobile applications have been developing. One of them is approached for mobile learning area since it is unique in its own way and offers learning opportunities anywhere and anytime. Mobile collaborative learning (MCL) is a small group learning application based on mobile devices. MCL is a new exciting research area in which students can earn knowledge about a topic and concept via communicating with others by a mobile device. This paper introduces describes the theoretical and technical foundations for designing and developing an effective MCL environment. Also, the paper describes a new approach for building the MCL application towards mobile technology. The prototype will be constructed using Android operating system with suggesting necessary infrastructure and middleware. Finally, the paper include the result of a usability test to find valuable hidden facilitating issues to efficiently access and obtain the class contents in collaborative learning environment.
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