This study evaluated the effect of the inland pollution sources on the bacteriological water quality in Narodo area after rainfall events. Following 16 mm of rainfall, the water discharged from Dohwa Stream and contaminants from Balpo village had a very limited effect on bacteriological water quality in adjacent area and the affected area did not extend to the designated area. In comparion, after 33 mm of rainfall, the density of fecal coliforms at stations located in the mouth of Dohwa stream and the discharg point of contamination sources located in Balpo village were lower than after 16 mm of rainfall. These results were obtained during an extreme high tide near the coast the contaminants discharged from Dohwa stream and Balpo village. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct a detailed survey to examine the dffects of tides on the diffusion characteristics of the contaminants discharged from Dohwa stream and Balpo village in order to manage of Narodo area efficiently.
Placenta increta is associated with maternal morbidity including gravid hysterectomy, massive transfusion, infection, and prolonged hospitalization. Diagnosis of placenta increta with antenatal high-resolution ultrasound facilitates to prepare the preoperative plans and to counsel with the patient. A 38-year-old woman, gravid 3, para 1 with a prior Cesarean delivery was referred at 32 weeks of gestation because of antepartum hemorrhage. The placenta was anterior, covering internal os totally. The placental-myometrial interface was disrupted over its entire surface. There were focal disruptions of hyperechoic bladder mucosa, diffuse lacunar flow by color Doppler and vessels crossing the interface-disruption sites. At 37 gestational weeks, the elective operation performed with transverse Cesarean incision over the edge of placental implantation, during which the placenta was bulging out from the uterine wall in the previous Cesarean scar. We operated the partial uterine excision of the placental implantation site soon after removal of placenta and primary repair. The total blood loss was 1200ml at the procedure and the diagnosis was confirmed histologically. The postnatal course was uneventful. To date a scheduled Cesarean hysterectomy is ideal to optimize maternal outcomes in suspected placenta increta. In recent years, numerous conservative managements have attempted using selective arterial embolization, adjuvant methotrexate, hypogastric artery ligation, and delayed definitive surgery for retained placenta which was left in situ after delivery. However, those procedures are associated with the complications including pelvic infection, methotrexate adverse effects, vascular thrombosis, and ischemic phenomenon. In this case, we could assess the location and the extent of the myometrial involvement on color Doppler and gray-scale ultrasound imaging. Therefore, we successfully managed placenta increta using the partial excision.
To evaluate whether the serial cervical length measured by transvaginal ultrasound between 26∼30 weeks and 35∼36 weeks of gestation is predictive of spontaneous early onset of labour in women with history of previous Caesarean section (CS). This study was designed as a retrospective observational study on 223 women with history of previous Caesarean section. The cervical length was measured ultrasonographically at 26–30 weeks and 35–36 weeks of gestation. Of the 223 pregnancies enrolled, 80 (35.9%) developed spontaneous onset of labour before 39 weeks of gestation. The cervical length at 35∼36weeks of gestations was significantly shorter in these women when compared with those delivering after 39 weeks of gestation (24 vs. 31 mm P<0.0001). Serial cervical length between 26∼30 weeks and 35∼36weeks of gestations was significantly larger in early spontaneous labour onset groups (0.89 vs. 0.35mm. p=0.004). Also, the birthweight was significantly lower in early spontaneous labour onset groups (3106 vs 3386g p <0.0001) Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that cervical length (adjusted odds ratio(aOR) 5.85; 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.696-12.695; P≤0.0001) at 35∼36weeks and birthweight (aOR 1.003(95% CI 1.001-1.004, p<0.0001)were predictors for the onset of labour before 39 weeks of gestation. The area under the receiver-operating characteristics curve for the prediction of early onset of labour was 0.847 (95% CI 0.738-0.950) for cervical length and birthweight as test variable. Cervical length at 35-36 weeks of gestation and birthweights provides information about the likelihood of onset of labour before 39 weeks of gestations in women with history of previous CS and may be useful in individualising the gestational age for elective CS.
New fluorescent chemosensors, 1,8-bis(pyrazolylmethyl)anthracene and 9,10-bis(pyrazolylmethyl)anthracene, were synthesized. The 1,8-isomer showed selective fluorescent quenching effects with Ag(I) and Cu(II). On the other hand, the 9,10-isomer displayed a selective fluorescent quenching effect only with Ag(I). From the association constants obtained from fluorescent titrations and by extraction, we conclude that rigid immobilization of the ligands, 1,8-isomer, plays a more important role in the binding with Ag(I) than the additional pi-cation interaction offered by the 9,10-isomer.
The relapse of leukemia is usually classified as hematologic relapse and extramedullary relapse. The most common sites of clinical extramedullary relapse are the central nervous systems (CNS) and gonads. However, the relapse in the uterus is very rare. We experienced a very unusual case of uterine relapse of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) after about a 6-year remission period. This female patient returned to our hospital with a two-month history of amenorrhea. Pelvic radiology confirmed an about 7 cm sized ill-defined ovoid mass in the uterus. There was no evidence of ALL relapse in the peripheral blood or CNS. The uterine biopsy showed diffused homogenous infiltration of numerous small round cells in uterine corpus, suggesting ALL relapse. The bone marrow study revealed 100% cellularity, most of which were lymphoblasts. Our patient received the bone marrow transplantation (BMT) and achieved the second complete remission (CR). Therefore, we here report our case with a brief review of literature.
Objective: Despite the general information of vaginal birth after cesarean section (VBAC), little is known about the duration of active labor in women attempting VBAC. The aim of this study was to compare the time length of active labor in women attempting VBAC compared with nulliparas or multiparas, and then, provide further insight for better management of labor. Methods: From January 1999 to December 2003, a total of 444 patients with VBAC were entered into the study. Women with two or more history of caesarean section or previous vaginal delivery were all excluded from the study. Time length of active labor in these patients was compared with 335 nulliparas and 218 multiparas consecutively visiting our unit for delivery in 2003. Results: For patients with VBAC, the duration of active and second phase were 184.8115.7, and 25.115.2 minutes, which was significantly shorter than nulliparas (p