• Background and Aims Flowering incidence in Bambusa tulda has a high socio-economic impact. The aim of the present study was to describe the species for morphological characters (vegetative and reproductive) as well as molecular markers in order to enable species identification at various stages of the life cycle. • Methods Thirty-two key morphological characters (15 culm and 17 culm-sheath) were studied along with detailed inflorescence and floral characters. Incidence of sporadic flowering was recorded. Genomic DNA was isolated from leaves collected from 17 eco-geographical locations and RAPD profiles were generated. • Key Results The description of culm, culm-sheath, inflorescence and floral morphology are in agreement with the prior taxonomic description by Gamble in 1896, but in this communication a more detailed description and illustrations are presented. No seed set was recorded following sporadic flowering, probably due to prezygoting isolating mechanisms (herkogamy or protandry). All 17 populations surveyed generated identical RAPD profiles. • Conclusions Sporadic flowering may occur in B. tulda, but may not necessarily be followed by gregarious flowering, and does not result in seed production.
This valuable book is a comprehensive volume on mangroves, with information accessible to both botany professionals and students. It provides an easy method of identifying mangroves and distinguishing one species from another. What is a mangrove and what are the criteria of mangroves are explained, along with descriptions of distinctions among major mangroves, mangrove associates, mangrove halophytes, and back mangals. Many photos and illustrations are provided, showing the visible features of mangroves. The volume also covers a range of other topics, including habitats and climatic conditions, morphological and reproductive features, how climate change is affecting mangroves and methods of mitigation and conservation.This book is about mangroves, the intertidal coastal forests that struggle every moment against hungry tides because mangroves flourish at the interface zone of land and sea. Like an evergreen forest in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world, mangroves form definite coastal vegetation, providing protection to people living in such fragile zones against the occurrence of frequent natural calamities. Key features:Introduces important facts about mangroves: definition, early records of mangroves, categorization, and moreLooks at the distribution of mangroves worldwide along with features of mangrove habitats and climatic conditions Describes the ecology and environmental conditions, particularly the concept of intertidal zones along estuary positions where tidal flows inundate mangrovesDiscusses the distinct morphological attributes and reproductive phenology of major mangrovesDetails the attributes of mangroves, covering a total of 78 species of intertidal flora, including 32 true mangroves, along with their diagnostic features, salient attributes, and illustrations for easy identificationHighlights the burning environmental issue of climate change and its impact on mangrovesProvides a variety of methods of restoration, conservation, and protection of mangroves
Shola, Aeschynomene aspera L. is an aquatic plant growing wildly in water logged areas of wetlands, but presently has been threatened one listed in Red list of threatened species by IUCN. Culturally, it has great importance in society because shola pith is obtained from this plant. Shola pith has certain traits such as milky white colour, softness, malleability, suppleness, sponginess and based on these attribute, shola pith is used making a variety of crafts which occupy a unique position in India’s heritage of handicrafts. A particular community popularly known as Malaker is exclusively involved in making such beautiful crafts, with unique skill and artistic secrets by profession and earns their livelihoods. Preparation of these handicrafts requires specific techniques within different methods such as Malar Kaj and Daker Kaj, with particular tools used. These handicrafts are not only beautiful but also fetch high price during festive seasons. This article has documented all the details of indigenous knowledge based techniques used for making such beautiful handicrafts, along with the potential of wildly growing aquatic plant in the purpose of its conservation and thereby keeping Indian heritage alive.
A total of 16 macrophytes comprising aquatic and semi-aquatic plants are documented as used as complementary medicine for therapy of a number of human ailments through traditional knowledge. This traditional practice of therapy using macrophytes has close proximity to the modern medicinal values. A great many people of India make their dietary satisfaction with these macrophytes by means of leafy vegetables being potentially nutritious, apart from the benefit of complementary medicine. These macrophytes are eaten in local food cultures as a practice of therapeutic purpose. This study has identified 59 human ailments and 20 affected human organs/systems for which these macrophytes are used. Gastrointestinal disorder is found to be the highest recorded ailment, and the skin is the most affected organ for which such macrophytes are administered for remedy. Some workers consider these macrophytes as 'famine plants' because of their availability during scarcity of usual vegetables. Also, the present study considers these macrophytes as 'poor man medicine' for their substantial use in both curative and preventive measures to human ailments. Despite their phenomenal service to the society, they are neglected to the great extent by which their existence is found to be in the alarming state. No policy for their conservation is formulated. Here are mentioned some measures for their protection and propagation in relation to livelihood opportunities of common people.
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