Ming‐Xia Zhan

New York University

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William Borkowsky

Swiss HIV Cohort Study

Keith Krasinski

New York University

A Paolino

New York University

Song‐He Chen

Sichuan Agricultural University

F A Ennis

University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School

Mona Rigaud

Brooklyn Hospital Center

Richard A. Koup

National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases

Tiina Ilmet

New York University

Song-he Chen

Hebei University

Aditya Kaul

St. George's University

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New York University

Columbia University Irving Medical Center

Bellevue Hospital Center

NYU Langone Health

University Medical Center

National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases

University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School

University School

Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation

October 6 University

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Correlation between HIV‐Specific CD8 Cell Production of Interferon‐γ and Plasma Levels of HIV RNA in Perinatally Infected Pediatric Populations

The Journal of Infectious Diseases (2004)

William Borkowsky Ming‐Xia Zhan Song‐He Chen Tiina Ilmet Aditya Kaul

Background. CD8 cell responses to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have been correlated with virus control in adults, and this study outcome has been controversial. Attempts to establish the same correlation in small numbers of children have also been made, with similar controversy resulting. Methods. A total of 110 perinatally infected children were studied. Nine of the children (mean age, 1.9 years vs. 11.8 years for the remaining 101 children) received treatment with antiretrovirals within the first 3 months of life. CD4 cell and HIV RNA levels were measured. Production of interferon-γ after exposure to recombinant vaccinia vectors was measured by enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay. Results. Responses to Pol and Gag antigens exceeded those to Nef and Env antigens, with responses significantly approximated by a quadratic function for which peak responses occurred at plasma HIV RNA levels of 103–104 HIV RNA copies/ mL. Children who are treated early in life with highly active antiretroviral therapy have fewer total responses of ELISPOTforming cells to HIV antigens than do children who are treated later in life.

ELISPOT

HIV Antigens

10.1086/422757

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Immunological Memory after Exposure to Variola Virus, Monkeypox Virus, and Vaccinia Virus

The Journal of Infectious Diseases (2007)

Sumathi Sivapalasingam Jeffrey S. Kennedy William Borkowsky Fred Valentine Ming‐Xia Zhan

We compared cellular and humoral immunity to vaccinia virus (VV) in individuals exposed to 3 different orthopoxviruses: 154 individuals previously vaccinated with VV, 7 individuals with a history of monkeypox virus infection, and 8 individuals with a history of variola virus infection. Among individuals vaccinated >20 years prior, 9 (14%) of 66 individuals demonstrated VV-specific interferon (IFN)—γ enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay responses; 21 (50%) of 42 had lymphoproliferative (LP) responses, and 29 (97%) of 30 had VV-specific neutralizing antibodies. One year after monkeypox virus infection, 6 of 7 individuals had IFN-γ ELISPOT responses, all had VV-specific LP responses, and 3 of 7 had VV-specific neutralizing antibodies. Of 8 individuals with a history of variola virus infection, 1 had a VV-specific IFN-γ ELISPOT response, 4 had LP responses against whole VV, 7 had LP responses against heat-denatured vaccinia antigen, and 7 had VVspecific neutralizing antibodies. Survivors of variola virus infection demonstrated VV-specific CD4 memory cell responses and neutralizing antibodies >40 years after infection.

Monkeypox

ELISPOT

Variola virus

Orthopoxvirus

Poxviridae

10.1086/512161

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CD8+ T-cell-mediated suppression of HIV replication in the first year of life

AIDS (1997)

Henry Pollack Ming‐Xia Zhan Jeffrey T. Safrit Song-he Chen Gemma Rochford

Objective and design: To study the role and development of non-cytotoxic CD8+ Tcell-mediated suppression of HIV replication in early perinatal HIV infection in a prospective study of vertically infected infants. CD8 T-cell-mediated HIV suppression was measured several times during the first year of life and correlated with viral load, cytotoxic T-cell (CTL) activity, in vitro antibody production (IVAP) and clinical outcome. Methods: CD8+ T-cell-mediated HIV suppression was measured by comparing the amount of p24 antigen produced by endogenously infected lymphocytes with cultures of the same number of autologous CD4+ T cells from which CD8+ cells were removed immunomagnetically. CD8 viral suppressive activity (VSA) was defined as a ≥50% reduction in p24 antigen in the cultures containing CD8+ cells. Results: CD8+ T-cell-mediated HIV VSA was detected in 11/16 infants in the first year of life, including six/nine infants studied before 6 months and as early as 3 weeks of age. Infants who demonstrated CD8 VSA had a lower early peak and 6-month 'setpoint' plasma HIV RNA concentration than infants who lacked CD8 VSA [1.51 versus 4.94 and 0.094 versus 0.639 × 106 copies/ml, respectively, and higher CD4 percentage at 1 year of age. Survival of infants lacking CD8 VSA (four/six were rapid progressors) was shorter than for infants who demonstrated CD8 VSA (none out of 10 were rapid progressors). CD8 VSA was present before CTL and before or at the same time as IVAP in two of two and 11 of 14 infants studied, respectively. Conclusions: CD8+ T-cell-mediated VSA can be demonstrated in a large proportion of HIV-infected infants early in the course of infection. This non-cytolytic HIV-suppressive immune response appears to play an important protective role in the early control of perinatal HIV infection at a time when other immune responses are either absent or deficient.

CTL*

10.1097/00002030-199701000-00002

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Citations (48)