Methods: In a cross-sectional study, children with penetrating eye trauma were evaluated. Age, sex, parents educational level, time, location, and cause of trauma recorded and compared. Results: Overall, 100 patients with mean age of 7 ±3.8 (range 2 to 16 years) including 69 male and 31 female were assessed. 57 eye injuries occurred at home, time of trauma was in the morning in 47% of patients. The most common cause of injury was knife (26%) and wood was the second common cause (17%). Overall, 29 child were alone at the time of injury .The most common type of injury was corneal laceration (71%). All traumatic cases were unilateral. Conclusion: Most children were injured in the early morning, therefore education of parents and other child care givers for more attention to children and improvement of health education about eye trauma may prevent pediatric eye injuries.
Accessible Summary What is known on the subject? A search of common databases indicates the absence of any research focused on the needs of Iranian women diagnosed with severe mental illness post‐discharge from an inpatient setting. Moreover, there is a lacuna of information about the unique experiences and needs of persons diagnosed with severe mental illness living in non‐Western communities (esp. Middle Eastern communities). What this paper adds to existing knowledge This study examined interviews of women diagnosed with severe mental illness receiving treatment at an Iranian inpatient hospital. Three categories of post‐discharge needs emerged: support, skill acquisition and information. Support consisted of family, social and health system subcategories. Skill acquisition was comprised of social skills, work skills and self‐management skills. Lastly, information distinguished between illness‐related information and women's health information. What are the implications for practice? Findings highlight the need for systemic changes to current care models. Broadly, families should be incorporated into care to improve outcomes and decrease stigma. Regarding mental health nursing, results highlighted the need for additional nursing and occupational therapy interventions to empower families and patients. Nursing practitioners can aid in preparing these patients for employment and public health initiatives to decrease stigma and improve access to care. Abstract Introduction Understanding the post‐discharge needs of patients diagnosed with severe mental illness is critical for improving treatment outcomes. Aim The aim of the present study was to determine the unique post‐discharge needs of Iranian women diagnosed with severe mental illness. Method Conventional content analysis was utilized to analyse data gathered via focus group interviews conducted within the psychiatric inpatient unit at Farabi hospital located in Kermanshah, Iran. Participants ( N = 42; M age = 40; SD = 6.3 years) had been diagnosed with a severe mental illness, had a history of at least two psychiatric hospitalizations and were awaiting discharge following significant symptom improvement. Results Content analysis extracted three categories of post‐discharge needs: support, skill acquisition and information. Support consisted of family, social and health system subcategories. Skill acquisition was comprised of social skills, work skills and self‐management skills. Lastly, information distinguished between illness‐related information and women's health information. Discussion/Implications for practice Analysis of interview data highlighted the general need for adopting a family‐system approach to reduce stigma, increase knowledge and foster skill acquisition. Regarding mental health nursing, results highlighted the unique role of nurses and their capacity to pre‐emptively address needs such as aiding in employment. Lastly, findings are contrasted against Western care models.
Abstract Background People with Major Depression Disorders (MDD) often complain about sleep problems and experience emotion dysregulation. Prior research suggests physical activity can improve both sleep quality and emotional control. However, there is limited research on emotion regulation and the impact of physical activity and sleep in this population. Objectives The present study examined the relationships between sleep quality, emotion regulation, and physical activity levels among patients with MDD. Methods The sample consisted of 118 patients with MDD (mean age: 31.85 years) who completed questionnaires on sleep quality, physical activity, emotion regulation, and depression. Results Results showed that more sleep problems were associated with worse emotion dysregulation, and more physical activity was associated with fewer sleep problems and less emotion dysregulation. Furthermore, physical activity and sleep quality significantly predicted emotion dysregulation, with physical activity being the stronger predictor. Conclusions Results from this study suggest that individuals with MDD who are able to engage in physical activity and get better sleep could experience emotional regulation benefits.
One of the most dramatic and appalling forms of suicidal attempts is Self- burning, also called self- immolation. Iran is one of the countries with the highest rates of self-immolation. As a result, prevention of self- immolation is one of the health priorities in Irans society. We briefly aimed to reveal who attempts self-immolation and investigate the prominent motives for such suicidal attempts. Each patient filled out a two-part questionnaire, the first section of which targeted aspects like demographics, history of mental illness, previous suicidal attempts and the liquid material which was employed in the process, while the latter concerned eight principal reasons under which the patients choose Self-burning. Among the 80 burned patients under investigation in our study, 73 patients (91.3%) were female with a female to male ratio of 10.4: 1. Mean age was 26.7 ± 0.4. Suicidal victims were more likely to be married (52 cases=65%) rather than single (24cases=30%) or separated (4cases=5%). Fifty three patients (66.2%) were illiterate or had low levels of education, and housewives represented the largest group (70 cases=87.5%). Investigation of the patients' history revealed that a minority of patients (n = 17, 21.3%) had a history of mental illness and 78 (97.5%) of cases were reported to have committed Self-burning for the first time. Almost all self burnings were through application of flammable liquids especially petroleum. The major motive for suicide was impulsive suicidal act (n=48, 60%). Moreover, concealing attempt (n=29, 36.3%), attracting attention (n=21, 26.3%) and considering this method as being more successful were other frequents reasons for self-immolation victims who had chosen this method. In majority of cases (n=50, 62.5%), more than one reason had been given by patients for selecting this type of suicide. Seventy cases (87.5%) regret committing self-immolation. Our results are mostly in agreement with previous studies on self-immolators regarding socio-demographic characteristics of patients. However, the motive behind the self-immolation varied widely. The major motive for suicide was impulsive suicidal act. The results of this study support and explain. the necessity of previously discussed multi-disciplinary interventions for preventing self-immolation. (Marzieh Assareh, Mahboube Firouzkouhi Moghaddam, Tayebeh Rakhshani, Mohammad Ali Nikoo, Mohamd Effatpanah, Alireza Rai , Leeba Rezaie. The Motives Behind the Decision for Choosing Self-Immolation as a Method for Suicide. Life Sci J 2013; 10(4): 1610-1614). (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com 212
Background: Academic counseling is a relationship between academic advisors and students and an effective approach to preventing students’ academic failure and improve the educational system at the university level. Students' satisfaction with academic advisors could affect the quality of academic counseling. Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the influential factors in dental students’ satisfaction with academic advisors. Methods: This qualitative study was conducted using conventional content analysis on 17 students of the School of Dentistry of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Iran who were selected by purposive sampling in 2019. Data were collected via semi-structured interviews, which were recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed by qualitative content analysis. Results: Two main themes were extracted, which were the academic advisor’s image and students’ expectations. Four main categories and 12 subcategories were also obtained. The main categories were the academic advisor’s characteristics, academic advisor’s position, student-advisor communication, and students’ needs. Conclusions: According to the results, several factors may affect the satisfaction of dental students with academic advisors, such as the advisor’s characteristics, communication between advisors and students, and general attitudes toward academic advisors in the educational system. These findings should be addressed in strategy planning in order to increase students’ satisfaction with academic advisors.
Objective: Individuals with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are at increased risk to suffer from further somatic and sleep-related complaints. To assess OSA, demographic, anthropometric, and subjective/objective sleep parameters are taken into consideration, but often separately. Here, we entered demographic, anthropometric, subjective, and objective sleep- and breathing-related dimensions in one model. Methods: We reviewed the demographic, anthropometric, subjective and objective sleep- and breathing-related data, and polysomnographic records of 251 individuals with diagnosed OSA. OSA was considered as a continuous and as categorical variable (mild, moderate, and severe OSA). A series of correlational computations, X2-tests, F-tests, and a multiple regression model were performed to investigate which demographic, anthropometric, and subjective and objective sleep dimensions were associated with and predicted dimensions of OSA. Results: Higher apnea/hypopnea index (AHI) scores were associated with higher BMI, higher daytime sleepiness, a higher respiratory disturbance index, and higher snoring. Compared to individuals with mild to moderate OSA, individuals with severe OSA had a higher BMI, a higher respiratory disturbance index (RDI) and a higher snoring index, while subjective sleep quality and daytime sleepiness did not differ. Results from the multiple regression analysis showed that an objectively shorter sleep duration, more N2 sleep, and a higher RDI predicted AHI scores. Conclusion: The pattern of results suggests that blending demographic, anthropometric, and subjective/objective sleep- and breathing-related data enabled more effective discrimination of individuals at higher risk for OSA. The results are of practical and clinical importance: demographic, anthropometric, and breathing-related issues derived from self-rating scales provide a quick and reliable identification of individuals at risk of OSA; objective assessments provide further certainty and reliability.
Background: Sleep disorders are a public health problem, and sleep studies among ethnic groups are few. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate sleep quality and sleep problems among Iranian people. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 4748 young people aged 18 to 35 (average: 27.58 years) in western Iran during the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, 60.4% of the participants were men. The data were collected using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Inventory (PSQI), the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), and the Demographic Information Questionnaire and analyzed with SPSS software version 22. Results: About 44.4% of the participants had unfavorable sleep quality and had sleep problems. Besides, the mean score of sleep problems (measured with PSQI) reported by the participants was 5.68±2.67. The logistic regression analysis showed that the participant’s age, education, marital status, occupation, drug abuse, alcohol consumption, use of mobile phones and the internet, and a history of previous sleep problems accounted for sleep problems during the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusions: Based on the results, there was a high prevalence of sleep problems among Iranian young people during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Abstract
Adherence to continues positive airway pressure (CPAP) is low across multiple samples. Furthermore, there is insufficient information about the experiences of patients living with Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Iran who have been proscribed continues positive airway pressure treatment. The aim of the present study was to better understand patient experiences in an effort to improve adherence. Participants (N =19) were selected purposefully at an Iranian sleep disorders clinic and interviews were conducted to extract qualitative data pertaining to patient experience. Data was analyzed using content analysis, an inductive technique. Participants reported a range of adherence (i.e., 11 fully adherent, 5 poor-adherent, and 3 non-adherent). Content analysis produced three main categories: Living with OSA, Challenges Accepting CPAP therapy, and Fluctuation in CPAP Acceptance. Each category was comprised of distinct subcategories. In conclusion, patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea experience specific challenges before and after CPAP initiation. Relevant factors stem from multiple systems and interact to impact adherence and wellness. Understanding and targeting these factors may prove helpful in increasing adherence.
To compare the efficacy of 2 atypical anti-psychotic drugs, olanzapine and risperidone, in the treatment of paradoxical insomnia.In this cross-sectional study over a 2-year period (September 2008 to September 2010), 29 patients with paradoxical insomnia, diagnosed in Kermanshah, Iran by both psychiatric interview and actigraphy, were randomly assigned to 2 groups. For 8 weeks, the first group (n=14) was treated with 10 mg olanzapine daily, and the second group (n=15) was treated with 4 mg risperidone daily. All participants completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Inventory (PSQI) at baseline and at the end of the study.As expected, a baseline actigraphy analysis showed that total sleep time was not significantly different between the 2 treatment groups (p<0.3). In both groups, sleep quality was improved (p<0.001) with treatment. When comparing the 2 treatments directions, a significant difference emerged (9.21+/-2.35, 6.07+/-4.46) among the 2 treatment groups based on data from the PSQI. Patients who were treated with olanzapine showed greater improvement than patients who were treated by risperidone (p<0.04).Atypical anti-psychotic drugs such as olanzapine and risperidone may be beneficial options for treatment of paradoxical insomnia. Larger clinical trials with longer periods of follow-up are needed for further investigation.
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