Avian paramyxovirus 1 (APMV-1), also known as Newcastle disease virus (NDV), causes severe and economically important disease in poultry around the globe. Although a limited amount of APMV-1 strains in urban areas have been characterized, the role of the urban wild bird population as an APMV-1 reservoir is unclear. Because urban birds may have an important role for long-term circulation of the virus, fecal and swab samples were collected by community scientists from wild birds in New York City (NYC), New York, United States. These samples were screened for APMV-1 and genotypically characterized by sequencing of the complete genome. A total of 885 samples were collected from NYC parks and from a local wildlife rehabilitation clinic from October 2020 through June 2021, and 255 samples obtained from 197 birds have been processed to date. Eight birds (4.1%) screened positive for the APMV-1 nucleoprotein gene by conventional reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR), and two live viruses were isolated via egg culture. A multibasic F protein cleavage sequence, 112R R K K R F117, an indicator of highly pathogenic velogenic APMV-1 strains, was present in the two samples fully sequenced by next generation sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis of the F gene coding sequence classified both isolates into genotype VI, a diverse and predominant genotype responsible for APMV-1 outbreaks in pigeon and dove species worldwide. IMPORTANCE Here we describe the first large-scale effort to screen for APMV-1 in New York City's wild bird population as part of the New York City Virus Hunters program, a community science initiative. We characterized two isolates of APMV-1, with phylogenetic analyses suggesting diversity in established and circulating strains of pigeon paramyxoviruses. Our isolates are also domestic reference strains for future APMV-1 vaccine developments. Future surveillance in this region may contribute to our understanding of APMV-1's evolution and genetic diversity, as well as inform poultry husbandry and vaccination practices in New York State.
Abstract Avian paramyxovirus 1 (APMV-1), also known as Newcastle disease virus (NDV), causes severe and economically important disease in poultry around the globe. Although a limited amount of APMV-1 strains in urban areas have been characterized, the role of the urban wild bird population as an APMV-1 reservoir is unclear. Since urban birds may have an important role for long-term circulation of the virus, fecal and swab samples were collected by community scientists from wild birds in New York City (NYC), New York, United States. These samples were screened for APMV-1 and genotypically characterized by sequencing of the complete genome. A total of 885 samples were collected from NYC parks and from a local wildlife rehabilitation clinic from October 2020 through June 2021. Eight birds (1.1 %) screened positive for the APMV-1 nucleoprotein gene by conventional reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and two live viruses were isolated via egg culture. The F protein cleavage site, an indicator of pathogenicity, was present in the two samples fully sequenced by next generation sequencing, and positioned 112 R R K K R F 117 . Phylogenetic analysis of the F gene coding sequence classified both isolates into genotype VI, a diverse and predominant genotype responsible for NDV outbreaks in pigeon and dove species worldwide. Importance Here we describe the first large-scale effort to screen for APMV-1 in New York City’s wild bird population as part of the New York City Virus Hunters program, a community science initiative. We have characterized two isolates of NDV, with phylogenetic analyses suggesting diversity in established and circulating strains of pigeon paramyxoviruses. Our isolates are also domestic reference strains for future APMV-1 vaccine developments. Future surveillance in this region may contribute to our understanding of NDV’s evolution and genetic diversity, as well as inform poultry husbandry and vaccination practices in New York State.
Resumen Se realizo este trabajo con el objetivo de conocer la necesidad de protesis buco-maxilo-facial en el municipio Matanzas, asi como el comportamiento de estas y su relacion con el sexo, la edad y la etiologia. Se realizo un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal donde se tomo como referencia la poblacion perteneciente a las distintas areas de salud de este municipio. Para la obtencion de la muestra se aplico un diseno muestral estratificado por conglomerado, la cual quedo constituida por 1 937 personas, y a aquellas que reunieron los criterios de inclusion, se les aplico la encuesta de necesidad de rehabilitacion buco-maxilofacial. Se obtuvo como resultado que existia necesidad de protesis buco-maxilofacial con preferencia por la del tipo ocular, sexo masculino y pacientes jovenes. La etiologia traumatica fue la predominante como causa de lesion para ambos sexos, seguida por la oncologica. Las regiones auriculares y maxilares estuvieron afectadas en el sexo masculino en mayor cuantia que en el femenino. En las regiones orbital, nasal, mandibular y compleja no hubo afectaciones.
Functional and esthetic rehabilitation to patients with deformities or lost face structures has proven to be very difficult .In order to achieve a real success,it was necessary to establish an exhaustive diagnosis and a highly qualified treatment.We proposed ourselves to find out the need of bucco maxillary-facial prothesis in patients living in Matanzas municipality,as well as the behavior of such prothesis and its relation to sex,age and etiology.A transversal cut descriptive study was carried out taking as reference the population enrolled in the different health areas at this municipality. In order to obtain the sample,a stratified sampling design by conglomerate was apllied,which was made up by 1937 persons and those who met the inclusion criteria had the bucco maxillary facial rehabilitation applied to them. As a result we were able to find out that the need of bucco maxillary-facial existed as a preference to that of the occular type specially in the male sex and young patients.
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