Peter Sperlich

National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research

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Thomas Blunier

University of Copenhagen

Thomas Röckmann

Utrecht University

Andreas Fischer-Lescano

University of Bremen

Célia Sapart

European Automobile Manufacturers Association

Gordon Brailsford

National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research

Christo Buizert

Oregon State University

Rowena Moss

National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research

S. E. Mikaloff Fletcher

National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research

Carina van der Veen

Utrecht University

M. Prokopiou

Utrecht University

Cooperative Institutions

University of Copenhagen

Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique

Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung

University of Colorado Boulder

University of Bern

Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research

Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement

Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research

Utrecht University

National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research

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A combustion setup to precisely reference δ13C and δ2H isotope ratios of pure CH4 to produce isotope reference gases of δ13C-CH4 in synthetic air

Peter Sperlich Myriam Guillevic Christo Buizert Theo M. Jenk Célia Sapart

Abstract. Isotope records of atmospheric CH4 can be used to infer changes in the biochemistry of CH4. One factor limiting quantitative estimates of changes in the biogeochemistry of CH4 are the uncertainties of the isotope measurements due to the lack of a unique isotope reference gas, certified for δ13C-CH4 or δ2H-CH4. We present a method to produce isotope reference gases for CH4 in synthetic airs that are precisely anchored to the VPDB and VSMOW scale and contain δ13C-CH4 values typical for the modern and glacial atmosphere. We quantitatively combusted two pure CH4 gases from fossil and biogenic sources and determined the δ13C and δ2H values of the produced CO2 and H2O relative to the VPDB and VSMOW scale within a very small analytical uncertainty of 0.04‰ and 0.7‰, respectively. We found isotope ratios of −39.56‰ and −56.37‰ for δ13C and −170.1‰ and −317.4‰ for δ2H in the fossil and biogenic CH4, respectively. We used both CH4 types as parental gases from which we mixed two filial CH4 gases. Their δ13C was determined to be −42.21‰ and −47.25‰, representing glacial and present atmospheric δ13C-CH4. The δ2H isotope ratios of the filial CH4 gases were found with −193.1‰ and −237.1‰, respectively. Next, we mixed aliquots of the filial CH4 gases with ultrapure N2/O2 (CH4 &leq; 2 ppb) producing two isotope reference gases of synthetic air with CH4 mixing ratios near atmospheric values. We show that our method is reproducible and does not introduce isotopic fractionation for δ13C within the uncertainties of our detection limit (we cannot conclude this for δ2H because our system is currently not prepared for δ2H-CH4 measurements in air samples). The general principle of our method can be applied to produce synthetic isotope reference gases targeting δ2H-CH4 or other gas species.

Isotopomers

Isotope-ratio mass spectrometry

Kinetic isotope effect

Limiting

10.5194/amtd-5-3499-2012

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§ 8 Schul- und Hochschulrecht

Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG eBooks (2021)

Andreas Fischer-Lescano Peter Sperlich

10.5771/9783748910008-316

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§ 9 Recht der Diversität

Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG eBooks (2021)

Andreas Fischer-Lescano Peter Sperlich

10.5771/9783748910008-330

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Ion concentrations of snow pit DML89S05_24

Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven (2008)

Peter Sperlich Hubertus Fischer Hans Oerter

10.1594/pangaea.704678

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A δ13C record of paleoatmospheric CH4 from 75-95 kyr before present

EGUGA (2013)

Peter Sperlich Christo Buizert Theo M. Jenk Célia Sapart M. Prokopiou

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Reply on RC2 and RC1

Peter Sperlich

Abstract. We assess the performance of an isotope ratio infrared spectrometer (IRIS) to measure carbon (δ¹³C) and oxygen (δ¹⁸O) isotope ratios in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO₂) and report observations from a 26 d field deployment trial at Baring Head, New Zealand, NIWA's atmospheric observatory for Southern Ocean baseline air. Our study describes an operational method to improve the performance in comparison to previous publications on this analytical instrument. By using a calibration technique that reflected the principle of identical treatment of sample and reference gases, we achieved a reproducibility of 0.07 ‰ for δ¹³C-CO₂ and 0.06 ‰ for δ¹⁸O-CO₂ over multiple days. This performance is within the extended compatibility goal of 0.1 ‰ for both δ¹³C-CO₂ and δ¹⁸O-CO₂, which was recommended by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO). Further improvement in measurement performance is desirable to also meet the WMO network compatibility goals of 0.01 ‰ for δ¹³C-CO₂ and 0.05 ‰ for δ¹⁸O-CO₂, which is needed to resolve the small variability that is typical for background air observatories such as Baring Head. One objective of this study was to assess the capabilities and limitations of the IRIS analyser to resolve δ¹³C-CO₂ and δ¹⁸O-CO₂ variations under field conditions. Therefore, we selected multiple events within the 26 d record for Keeling plot analysis. This resolved the isotopic composition of endmembers with an uncertainty of ≤ 1 ‰ when the magnitude of CO₂ signals is larger than 10 ppm. The uncertainty of the Keeling plot analysis strongly increased for smaller CO₂ events (2–7 ppm), where the instrument performance is the limiting factor and may only allow for the distinction between very different endmembers, such as the role of terrestrial versus oceanic carbon cycle processes.

10.5194/amt-2021-276-ac2

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Reconstruction of the carbon isotopic composition of methane over the last 50 yr based on firn air measurements at 11 polar sites

Célia Sapart Patricia Martinerie J. Chappellaz Roderik S. W. van de Wal Peter Sperlich

Abstract. Methane is a strong greenhouse gas and large uncertainties exist concerning the future evolution of its atmospheric abundance. Analyzing methane atmospheric mixing and stable isotope ratios in air trapped in polar ice sheets helps reconstructing the evolution of its sources and sinks in the past. This is important to improve predictions of atmospheric CH4 mixing ratios in the future under the influence of a changing climate. We present an attempt to reconcile methane carbon isotope records from 11 firn sites from both Greenland and Antarctica to reconstruct a consistent δ13C(CH4) history over the last 50 yr. In the firn, the atmospheric signal is altered mainly by diffusion and gravitation. These processes are taken into account by firn transport models. We show that isotope reconstructions from individual sites are not always mutually consistent among the different sites. Therefore we apply for the first time a multisite isotope inversion to reconstruct an atmospheric isotope history that is constrained by all individual sites, generating a multisite "best-estimate" scenario. This scenario is compared to ice core data, atmospheric air archive results and direct atmospheric monitoring data.

Firn

Ice core

Atmospheric methane

10.5194/acpd-12-9587-2012

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§ 5 Bau- und Planungsrecht

Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG eBooks (2018)

Andreas Fischer-Lescano Peter Sperlich

Das Studienbuch zum Bremer Landesrecht versammelt alle zentralen landesrechtlichen Themen, die nicht nur für die Studierenden in der Hansestadt, sondern auch für alle in der Praxis Tätigen von großer Relevanz sind. Die Autorinnen und Autoren aus Wissenschaft sowie behördlicher und gerichtlicher Praxis, erörtern angefangen beim Landesverfassungsrecht über das allgemeine Landesverwaltungsrecht die Spezialmaterien des Polizeirechts, des Kommunalrechts, des Umwelt-, Bau- und Planungsrechts. Die Materien des Hochschulrechts, des Wirtschaftsverwaltungsrechts, Fragen der Diversität und des Datenschutzrechts sind für die Praxis auf Landes- und Kommunalebene von besonderer Relevanz und werden prägnant dargestellt.

Umwelt

10.5771/9783845280059-168

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§ 8 Schul- und Hochschulrecht

Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG eBooks (2018)

Andreas Fischer-Lescano Peter Sperlich

10.5771/9783845280059-288

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Natural and anthropogenic variations in methane sources during the past two millennia

Nature (2012)