Diabetes mellitus (DM) is clinically known as diverse sets of biochemical syndromes with a basic symptom of glucose intolerance and is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Diabetes mellitus exclusively disrupts glucose metabolism in various tissues and organs leading to complications such as retinopathy, nephropathy and brain micro-infarcts. This study investigated the positive modulatory effect of Lawsonia inermis Linn leaves on major organs involved in diabetic complications in Wister rats experimentally induced by type 1 diabetes using streptozocine. Lawsonia inermis leaves were partitioned using N-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol. Fractions obtained were assessed for their modulatory potential. Seven groups of diabetic rats (n=5) were orally administered 100mg/kg of each of the three partitioned fractions, metformin (500mg/kg), glibenclamide (5mg/kg), while untreated hyperglycaemic and normoglycaemic rats received distilled water (ad libitum) daily for 28 days. Mean relative organ weight of the brain, heart, kidney, pancreas and liver increased significantly (p<0.05) in untreated diabetic rats when compared to Lawsonia inermis treated rats and non-diabetic control. Diabetic treated rats showed non-significant (p>0.05) increased weight in all the organs except the pancreas that decreased non-significantly when compared to normoglycemic rats. The histopathology results showed that Lawsonia inermis improved the organ damage seen in diabetic complications through prevention of organomegaly and improvement in histoarchitectural appearance that is devoid of lesions when compared to untreated diabetic control with various lesions. Conclusively, Lawsonia inermis Linn leaves improve significant reduction in organ damage during course of Type 1 diabetes mellitus.
The Ceylon Journal of Science is a peer-reviewed journal published quarterly by the University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka in March, June, September and December. It is aimed at publishing high quality research articles on topics related to different disciplines in Science. The journal accepts original research articles, book reviews, reviews and mini-reviews, short communications, opinions, research notes, and commentaries and notes. The Journal has its own website https://site.pdn.ac.lk/cjs/. The journal strictly adheres to publication ethics as emphasized by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE). It is indexed in Sri Lanka Journals Online (SLJOL), Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), Google Scholar and Zoological Records. According to the Google Scholar;H5-Index: 12H5-Median: 15According to the Exaly (1970 – 2021);Impact Factor: 0.6 (top 19%)Extended IF: 0.6 (top 19%)H-Index: 8 (top 28%)Citations/paper: 1.42
The effects of aqueous white grubs extract on some markers of liver injury was studied in guinea pigs with CCl4-induced liver damage. Serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine amino transferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), cholesterol and triglyceride were analysed in guinea pigs after subcutaneous administration of 100mg/kg CCl4 followed by oral treatment with 0.834g/kg of white grub extract in order to asses the curative effect of the extract against liver damage. Guinea pigs treated with 0.834g/kg extract for 48 hours following subcutaneous injection of 100mg/kgCCl4 had serum AST, ALT and ALP levels not statistically different compared to normal control (at p>0.05) but decreased significantly compared to toxicity control (p>0.05). The serum levels of cholesterol and triglyceride in the test showed no statistical difference (at P>0.05) compared to normal control. However, comparing the test values with toxicity control shows a significant increase in both cholesterol and triglyceride levels (at P<0.05). The serum levels of AST, ALT, ALP, cholesterol and triglyceride when the treatment was extended to 96 hours also showed no statistical difference compared to normal control (at P>0.05). However, there was a significant decrease in serum AST, ALT and ALP while serum cholesterol and triglyceride were significantly increased compared to toxicity control (at P<0.05). This result clearly indicates aqueous that white grubs’ aqueous extract possess hepatoprotective property against CCl4 induced liver damaged in guinea pigs.
Welding fumes are composed of fine and ultrafine particles, which when it gained access to the body system either via inhalation or as food or water contaminants can elicit various haematological and biochemical changes.In order to determine the haematological changes elicited by welding fumes and it's mitigation by ascorbic acid, a total of fifteen male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups (A, B and C) of five animals per group.Group A served as the control while group B were kept in enclosed welding environment for adequate inhalation of the welding fume.Group C were equally kept in the enclosed welding environment but were daily orally administered 100mg of ascorbic acid for two weeks.At the end of two weeks of exposure, blood samples were obtained for haematological analyses.It was observed that exposure to the welding fumes predisposes the rats to macrocytic hypochromic anaemia and stress with evidence of neutrophilia and lymphopenia.These observed haematological perturbations were reversed by ascorbic acid back similar to that of the control group.It can be concluded that haematological perturbation induced by welding fume can be mitigated effectively by ascorbic acid without any deleterious effects.
Toxicity assessment was conducted for 96hr exposure duration using synthetic herbicide (paraquat dichloride 276g/L) on Claris gariepinus with mean weight range of 27.2 - 29.7g and mean length 10.95 -15.5cm. They were exposed to varying herbicide concentrations of 0.0, 3.45, 6.90, 10.35 and 13.5mg/L with 5-levels exposure concentrations in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Liver, gills and kidney tissues were analyzed for oxidative stress enzymes activities using Solarbio science assay kit (BC1170, 0170 and 0020). Four days lethal concentration (LC50) value for 96hr was found to be 7.298mg/L. The treated fish displayed erratic swimming with irregular opercular movement, loss of reflex, mucus secretion and increased air gulping with the increasing concentration of the herbicide compared with the control fish. Antioxidant biomarkers activities revealed that Glutathione S-transferase (GST), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities increased significantly (P<0.05) in the gills, liver and kidney tissues at higher concentrations compared with control. It can be deduced that alterations in the oxidative stress enzyme activities in the exposed fish to paraquat exert toxic effect on the liver, gills and kidney tissues. It is therefore recommended that appropriate authorities should develop strategies on minimizing the indiscriminate use of synthetic herbicides due to their impact on aquatic biota such as fish in order to reduce its potential risk to other non-target organisms.
Keywords: Clarias gariepinus, Lethal concentration, Oxidative Stress enzymes, Paraquat, Toxicity assessment
The recent global increase in demand for catfish products has led to intensive catfish farming, favoring Aeromonas infections. Therefore, there is a need to enhance the current management method of Aeromonas infection in catfish. This study evaluated the efficacy of adding vitamin C to Oxytetracycline in the treatment of Aeromonas infection through the development of skin lesions, mortality and serum antioxidant defense system. One hundred and five juvenile catfish were randomly assigned to seven groups (n=15). The first group served as control and was neither infected nor treated, while the other groups were infected with Aeromonas hydrophila. Seventy-two hours after inoculation, catfish in groups 2-7 were treated as follows: no treatment, Oxytetracycline through bath, Oxytetracycline through feed, Oxytetracycline through bath with 500 mg of vitamin C in water, Oxytetracycline through feed with 500 mg of vitamin C in water and 500 mg of vitamin C only in water, respectively. The treatment was done for five consecutive days. Behavioral changes, clinical signs and mortality were observed. Data were presented as Mean±SD and analyzed using descriptive statistics or One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's Test. p <0.5 were regarded as significant. The cumulative percentage mortality in groups (Groups 5 and 6) supplemented with Vitamin C was 26.7 and 33.3 compared to 90% and 46.6% in groups 2 and 4, respectively. The results showed that adding vitamin C to Oxytetracycline reduced the development of skin lesions and mortality. Therefore, Vitamin C is recommended to manage Aeromonas hydrophila infection in catfish.
Stress in transported bucks as food animals can cause generation of reactive oxygen species at the cellular level which compromises the quality of chevon and could be detrimental to consumer’s health. This could also cause monetary losses which would affect that agro-economics. This prompted this study in which sixty apparently healthy Sahel bucks were investigated upon. There were two studies a therapeutic intervention study and a non intervention study respectively. All animals were subjected to long term transportation in the harmattan. The intervention study groups were pre-treated with xylazine, ascorbic acid, combination and control which had 6 animals each with each group having a sub-group that were stocked as and low and high stocking rates. While in the non- intervention study, 12 animals were separated to two groups of 6 each, stocked at high and low stocking with no pretreatment. Experimental animals were offloaded after undergoing a journey of 28 hours and were subsequently transported. They were later slaughtered by severing of the trachea, esophagus and all structures of the investing fascia of the neck. Chevon characteristics evaluated were shrinkage, water holding capacity, pH colour, cooking loss and for excitatory score at slaughter. The combination (xylazine-ascorbic acid) significantly (p<0.05) decreased in shrinkage percentage, and improved; empty body weight, ultimate pH and cooking loss percentage. There were significant (p<0.05) interactions between various treatment regimens and stocking rate on the following parameters: excitatory score at slaughter, water holding capacity, pH and colour in the intervention study. In non-intervention study, there were significant (p<0.05) differences in the following parameters excitatory score at slaughter, empty body weight and luminosity in the meat colour due difference in stocking. Conclusively, this study gives credence that therapeutic intervention had effect on chevon quality when pretreated for transportation stress attenuation.
ABATRACT Electrolytes are of great importance in cell metabolism because they are important cofactors or coenzymes needed for normal functioning of cells. The disturbances of these electrolytes result in changes of cell pH and acid base balance. In order to determine the electrolytes changes following feed and water deprivation in male rats, a total of ten (n=10) male albino rats weighing (152 ± 3.50)g housed in metallic cage were used for this study. The rats were deprived of feed and water consecutively for six days. On the third and sixth days blood samples were obtained for electrolytes studies in the plasma and in the erythrocytes. There were significant increases (P<0.05) in plasma sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, chloride and bicarbonate concentrations in comparison to the basal parameters while significant decreases (P<0.05) in erythrocytes sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, chloride and bicarbonate concentrations in comparison to the basal parameters were observed. It can be concluded that deprivation of male albino rats of food and water for six consecutive days resulted in perturbation, stress, dehydration and redistribution of electrolytes in various compartments of the cell
The family Sapindaceae are tropical and sub-tropical continental plants. In this study, 1,4-Benzene dicarboxyl ester (1) and 1,2-Benzene dicarboxyl ester (2) from methanolic extracts of Deinbollia pinnata leaves. The successful separation of the isomeric mixture is by freezing the sub-fraction with methanol for seventy-two hours; followed by filtration, isolation and purification. The compounds were characterized spectroscopically (1H &13C NMR, FTIR and GC-MS). The methanolic extracts showed good DPPH scavenging activity with percentage inhibition greater than 70% at 125 ppm, an excellent antioxidant activity towards ABTS assay with the IC50 value of 13.68 µg/mL and also exhibits most potent ferric ion reducer at 3.45 ± 1.30 mM FRAP equivalent compared to other extracts. The 1,4-Benzene dicarboxyl ester (1) displayed high antioxidant radical scavenging activity towards DPPH assay with IC50 value of (IC50 32.99; 73.491%) and 1,2-Benzene dicarboxyl ester (2) at (IC50 33.99; 71.11%);ABTS activity with SC50 value at 48.81µg/mL; 87.98% (1) and 49.55µg/mL; 83.85% (2) and a good potential as ferric ion reducer ranging from 0.05±0.00 to 1.37±0.02 (1) and 0.16±0.04 to 1.29±0.03 (2) mM FRAP equivalent respectively.
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