The case study of disposition and management of decommissioning offshore oil platform hasn't reported completely in China so far. In this paper, the disposition and management strategy of decommissioning platforms was proposed and discussed for Chengdao offshore oilfield of China. By partial removal and reefing platform, the decommissioning oil platforms will be converted into artificial reefs with integrated functions such as resource enrichment, zoology recovery and entertainment. This strategy will provide valuable experiences for reasonable disposition of decommissioning offshore oil platform in China.
The object of this study was to evaluate the effects of ammonia on prophenoloxidase system and immune parameters of swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus. The crabs were exposed to different ammonia levels:0 mg/L (nature seawater or control),1 mg/L,5 mg/L and 20 mg/L NH4Cl for 48 h and sampled randomly at 0 h,6 h,12 h, 24 h and 48 h. The results indicated that ammonia exposure had a significant effect on dopamine( DA) concentration, haemocyte count,proPO activity,proPO mRNA expression,antibacterial and bacteriolytic activities of the crabs (P 0.05). DA concentration in haemolymph of the experimental groups increased until 6 h,then recovered to the same level as control after 12 h. Total haemocyte count( THC) and differential haemocyte count( DHC) decreased significantly. THC and semi-granular cell count of the crab exposed to 20 mg/L ammonia decreased during 48 h exposure time. The haemocyte count of the other groups decreased until 12 h or 24 h,and then became stable. The proPO activity,proPO mRNA level and bacteriolytic activity showed significant decrease,increase and decrease trends respectively during the 48 h exposure. The proPO activity of 1 mg/L group recovered to control level after 12 h,and no significant difference of mRNA expression was observed between 1 mg/L group and control. The activity of proPO and mRNA expression of 5 mg/L and 20 mg/L groups became stable at 12 h and 6 h. Bacteriolytic activities became stable after exposed to ammonia for 24 h,meanwhile,1 mg/L group recovered to control level. Antibacterial activity reached the minimum at 6 h or 12 h,having no significant difference with control. Haemocyte count,proPO activity and bacteriolytic activity in experimental groups were negatively related with ammonia concentration after stabilized,while proPO mRNA level showed a positive relation. It is concluded that ammonia exposure has the effects to decline the haemocyte count,proPO activity,proPO mRNA expression,antibacterial and bacteriolytic activities on crab P. trituberculatus which can cause deleterious effects on the immune system.
In light of the shortcomings present in the measuring devices of shaft lining surface deformation, a shaft lining surface deformation measuring device was proposed. With a protective cap to reduce the influence of external environment, the measuring device can reflect the deformation of shaft lining according to the tautness of a strain steel string. Featuring by its simple structure, operational convenience, and low cost as well, the device has been applied to the auxiliary shaft of Maiduoshan mine, Ningxia, China. The upper part of Maiduoshan auxiliary shaft had been constructed using mine tunneling method, before the bottom part of large water inflow section been constructed using freezing method. The deformation of the completed shaft lining was measured during the freezing method construction, to provide important references for technical personnel taking reasonable protective actions.
By presenting the origin and the development of Chinese Catholicism,the preaching way of Catholic missionaries in China and the common ground of the Catholic doctrines and the Chinese traditional culture(Confucianism),this paper expounds how the famous Catholic missionary Matteo Ricci pursued the confucianization of the catholicism as well as the effect it exerted.Also it demonstrates the contribution the Catholic missionaries have made in the processes of both western culture into China and Chinese culture into the west and their important bridge role in Chinese and western cultural communication.
In this paper, we discuss the design and calculation methods of elliptical-shaped corrugated steel culvert pipe (ECSCP) used in highway construction. With many advantages such as lightweight, environment friendly, cost-effective, rapid construction, etc., corrugated steel culvert pipe (CSCP) have been widely used in highway construction acting as the alternative of RC culvert in China in recent years. The ECSCP in this paper is a kind of culvert which is fabricated to an elliptical shape with several pieces of corrugated steel plates which are jointed by high strength bolts. This study is conducted on the basis of the ECSCP used in the construction of Shanghai North Outer Ring Line Highway in China. 3D FEM analysis is performed considering several parameters such as modulus of elasticity of the surrounding backfill soil, length of major and minor axis of elliptical-shaped section, eccentricity of vehicles. Some design methods are proposed in this paper, and they will be useful guidelines for safe design of ECSCP.
In this paper, a comprehensive method combined spot-survey and numerical simulation tests has been used to make an approach to systematically study of the technology of level artificial ground freezing in tunnel connecting passage construction. By simulating the freezing process of artificially frozen soils of Dalian Road tunnel connecting passage with finite element analysis method, the varying laws of temperature fields, displacement fields and stress fields had been worked out. According to the results of actual field survey, the changing laws of frost heave pressure and tunnel deformation with freezing temperature, elapsed freezing time during the artificial ground freezing period are obtained. The laws from finite element analysis are consistent with that from field survey, which has proved that finite element analysis is correct. The conclusions of the research prove the advantages of horizontal artificial ground freezing in such similar construction and set up a successful model for related freezing projects in the future, which, will guide the coming practice and safeguard the success.
When The People's Republic of China was founded,Sino-Burma had three sections of unsettled frontiers.This paper conducts a restudy of Sino-Burma frontier negotiations and makes the conclusions as follows: Since June 1954,the Sino-Burma frontier issue underwent several stages,i.e.problem-raising,opinion-exchanging,negotiations and agreement-signed;The principle proposal forwarded by the Chinese government made the first step in settling down the Sino-Burma frontier issue;The package programs laid a solid foundation for settling down the Sino-Burma frontier issue;The Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence is a fundamental criterion for solving this issue.
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