Assume that $V_h$ is a space of piecewise polynomials of a degree less than $r\geq 1$ on a family of quasi-uniform triangulation of size $h$. There exists the well-known upper bound of the approximation error by $V_h$ for a sufficiently smooth function. In this paper, we prove that, roughly speaking, if the function does not belong to $V_h$, the upper-bound error estimate is also sharp. This result is further extended to various situations including general shape regular grids and many different types of finite element spaces. As an application, the sharpness of finite element approximation of elliptic problems and the corresponding eigenvalue problems is established.
Abstract A mathematical model for multi objective optimization design of belt transmission is proposed in this paper. The normal fuzzy distribution is used to convert the ideal and non-inferior solutions into fuzzy subsets over the space of objective function values. The optimal solution which is closest to the ideal one could then be found on the basis of closeness degree method.
This note is a supplement to our two early papers in the reference discussing about the superconvergence conjecture for p=4. For this aim,we derive the weighted norm estimates for the discrete Green function.
Urban traffic simulation system is a huge system which integrates the traffic simulation platform and public information platform.Its purpose is for the flow reforge and decision-making sustain of urban traffic planning. The system will increase the efficiency of urban traffic planning,and the capability of traffic forecasting.The system issues the real-time traffic information to people,especially drivers,and lets them be aware of the current traffic condition to avoid the congested road,thus alleviates the congestion.It also periodically issues traffic report,including monthly and yearly report,to government,industry,enterprises and public to supply traffic information and guide the traffic behaviors.It supplies technical support for optimizing traffic structure,and implements flow reforge in traffic planning.
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNumeric and Conceptual Understanding of General Chemistry at a Minority InstitutionQun Lin , Paul Kirsch , and Ralph Turner View Author Information Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, 10, 1003Publication Date (Web):October 1, 1996Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 October 1996Published inissue 1 October 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ed073p1003https://doi.org/10.1021/ed073p1003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views140Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Cross-disciplinary concepts,Reagents,Students,Teaching and learning methods Get e-Alerts
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