We aimed to predict in vitro chemosensitivity assay results from computed tomography (CT) images by applying deep learning (DL) to optimize chemotherapy for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC).
ABSTRACT Aim Combined effects on the body weights and white adipose tissues in high‐fat‐diet‐fed obese mice due to bofutsushosan (BTS) were investigated. Methods Male ICR mice (four weeks old) were fed a 60% kcal fat diet for five weeks and fed the same diet with administration of aqueous extracts (2.0 g/kg/day) of BTS, component‐removed BTS, and a mixture of the ingredients and the component‐removed BTS for 28 days. Results The BTS extract reduced the body weight from 2 to 28 days after administration while also reducing the weight of the subcutaneous and visceral white adipose tissues after administration for 28 days. Extracts of BTS with Glycyrrhizae radix ( Glycyrrhiza root; abbreviated as glycyrrhiza) removed, Rhei rhizoma (rhubarb rhizome; rhubarb) removed, Gardeniae fructus ( Gardenia fruit; gardenia) removed, Ephedrae herba ( Ephedra herb; ephedra) removed, or Sal mirabilis (sodium sulfate hydrate; mirabilite) removed reduced the anti‐obesity and fat‐loss activity compared to that of the BTS extract after administration for 28 days. Glycyrrhizic acid (0.89% [w/w]) and 0.046%(w/w) sennoside AB calcium salt ameliorated the anti‐obesity activity of BTS with glycyrrhiza removed and rhubarb removed eight days after administration, respectively. Geniposide (0.78% [w/w]) and 0.16% (w/w) ephedrine hydrochloride ameliorated the anti‐obesity and fat‐loss activity of BTS with gardenia removed and with ephedra removed respectively after administration for 28 days. Conclusion Glycyrrhiza, rhubarb, gardenia, ephedra and mirabilite were the active components responsible for the effect of BTS. Glycyrrhizic acid and sennoside AB induced the early phase while geniposide and ephedrine hydrochloride induced the later phase of the anti‐obesity activity of BTS.
The reversible control of primary and secondary self‐assemblies was attained using a poly(4‐allyloxystyrene)‐ block ‐polystyrene diblock copolymer (PASt‐ b ‐PSt) through variations in temperature. The copolymer showed no self‐assembly in cyclohexane over 35 ∘ C and existed as a unimer with a 37.1 nm hydrodynamic diameter. When the temperature was lowered to 30 ∘ C, the copolymer formed micelles with 269.9 nm by the primary self‐assembly. As the result of further lowering the temperature to 20 ∘ C, the secondary self‐assembly of the micelles occurred to produce ca. 2975.9 nm aggregates. The aggregates were dissociated into unimers by increasing the temperature up to 40 ∘ C. The light scattering studies demonstrated that the thermoresponsivity of the copolymer showed good hysteresis throughout the variation in the temperature in the range between 20 and 40 ∘ C, based on the Marquadt analysis of the hydrodynamic diameter distribution. It was found that the primary and secondary self‐assemblies of the copolymer were perfectly controlled by the temperature.
Inorganic-bio nanocomposites combining photoproteins (aequorin, AEQ) with a Pt-doped α-Fe2O3 (Pt-α-Fe2O3) thin film could induce a photoelectrochemical reaction without an external light source. Blue emission originated from Ca2+ binding to AEQ excited the n-type semiconducting Pt-α-Fe2O3 under an anodic bias, then an anodic photocurrent was clearly observed in a basic solution.
