Christoph P. E. Zollikofer

University of Zurich

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Marcia S. Ponce de León

University of Zurich

David Lordkipanidze

Tbilisi State University

Naoki Morimoto

Kyoto University

Michel Brunet

Anthropologie et Histoire des Mondes Antiques

Hassane Taïsso Mackaye

University of N'Djamena

Patrick Vignaud

Institute of Paleoprimatology Human Paleontology Evolution and Paleoenvironments

David Pilbeam

Harvard University

Franck Guy

Institute of Paleoprimatology Human Paleontology Evolution and Paleoenvironments

Paul Tafforeau

European Synchrotron Radiation Facility

Andossa Likius

University of N'Djamena

Cooperative Institutions

Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique

University of Zurich

University of Copenhagen

Université de Poitiers

Institute of Paleoprimatology Human Paleontology Evolution and Paleoenvironments

Stanford University

Natural History Museum Aarhus

Kyoto University

University of Cambridge

University of California, Berkeley

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Visualization and Quantitative Analysis of the Human Femoral Diaphysis by Means of Morphometric Mapping

Naoki Morimoto Marcia S. Ponce de León Christoph P. E. Zollikofer

Diaphysis

10.1142/9789814355247_0015

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New material of the earliest hominid from the Upper Miocene of Chad

Nature (2005)

Michel Brunet Franck Guy David Pilbeam Daniel E. Lieberman Andossa Likius

Morphology

10.1038/nature03392

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Citations (288)

HLA typing by next‐generation sequencing – getting closer to reality

Tissue Antigens (2014)

Christian Gabriel Daniel Fürst Faé I S. Wenda Christoph P. E. Zollikofer

Abstract Next generation sequencing (NGS) denotes novel sequencing technologies that enable the generation of a large number of clonal sequences in a single sequencing run. NGS was initially introduced for whole genome sequencing and for quantitation of viral variants or genetic mutations in tumor tissues; more recently, the potential for high resolution HLA typing and high throughput analyses has been explored. It became clear that the complexity of the HLA system implicates new challenges, especially for bioinformatics. From an economical point of view, NGS is becoming increasingly attractive for HLA typing laboratories currently relying on Sanger based sequencing. Realizing the full potential of NGS will require the development of specifically adapted typing strategies and software algorithms. In the present review, three laboratories that were among the first to perform HLA‐typing using different NGS platforms, the Roche 454, the Illumina Miseq and the Ion Torrent system, respectively, give an overview of these applications and point out advantages and limitations.

Ion semiconductor sequencing

Sanger sequencing

Personal genomics

Massive parallel sequencing

10.1111/tan.12298

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Effects of cranial integration on hominid endocranial shape

Journal of Anatomy (2016)

Christoph P. E. Zollikofer Thibaut Bienvenu Marcia S. Ponce de León

Abstract Because brains do not fossilize, the internal surface of the braincase (endocast) serves as an important source of information about brain growth, development, and evolution. Recent studies of endocranial morphology and development in great apes, fossil hominins, and modern humans have revealed taxon‐specific differences. However, it remains to be investigated to which extent differences in endocranial morphology reflect differences in actual brain morphology and development, and to which extent they reflect different interactions of the brain and its case with the cranial base and face. Here we address this question by analyzing the effects of cranial integration on endocranial morphology. We test the ‘spatial packing’ and ‘facial orientation’ hypotheses, which propose that size and orientation of the neurocranium relative to the viscerocranium influence endocranial shape. Results show that a substantial proportion of endocranial shape variation along and across ontogenetic trajectories is due to cranial integration. Specifically, the uniquely globular shape of the human endocast mainly results from the combination of an exceptionally large brain with a comparatively small face. Overall, thus, cranial integration has pervasive effects on endocranial morphology, and only a comparatively small proportion of inter‐ and intra‐taxon variation can directly be associated with variation in brain morphology.

Endocast

Neurocranium

Morphology

Brain morphometry

Encephalization

10.1111/joa.12531

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Citations (35)

A Neolithic Case of Mesomelic Dysplasia from Northern Switzerland

International Journal of Osteoarchaeology (2013)

Marco Milella Christoph P. E. Zollikofer Marcia S. Ponce de León

Paleopathological cases of skeletal dysplasias (SD) are particularly interesting from a biological as well as biocultural perspective. Evidence of SD is relevant when discussing the antiquity of specific mutations, as well as the social perception of disease in the past. Here we propose a differential diagnosis for a Neolithic case of SD and discuss the possible social correlates of the observed condition. The subject of this study, a child with an age at death of about 12 years from the Late Neolithic site of Schweizersbild (Northern Switzerland), presents a bilateral shortening of the forearm and lower leg, with no further modifications affecting the cranial and postcranial skeleton. Morphological, metric, as well as radiographic analyses point to a diagnosis of Léri Weill dyschondrosteosis (LWD), making the present case the earliest known paleopathological example of this condition. From a biocultural perspective, the skeletal changes affecting the child, together with her/his relatively advanced age, suggest active support from the community, providing new data to inform the debate on the cultural dimensions of disease in prehistory. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Paleopathology

Postcrania

Osteology

10.1002/oa.2390

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Citations (16)

Response to Comment on “A Complete Skull from Dmanisi, Georgia, and the Evolutionary Biology of Early Homo ”

Science (2014)

Christoph P. E. Zollikofer Marcia S. Ponce de León Ann Margvelashvili G. Philip Rightmire David Lordkipanidze

Schwartz et al. hold that variation among the Dmanisi skulls reflects taxic diversity. The morphological observations to support their hypothesis, however, are partly incorrect, and not calibrated against intraspecific variation in living taxa. After proper adjustment, Schwartz et al.'s data are fully compatible with the hypothesis of a single paleodeme of early Homo at Dmanisi.

Variation (astronomy)

10.1126/science.1250081

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Citations (18)

Visualizing patterns of craniofacial shape variation in Homo sapiens

Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences (2002)

Christoph P. E. Zollikofer Marcia S. Ponce de León

The geometric morphometric analysis of shape variation in complex biological structures such as the human skull poses a number of specific challenges: the registration of homologous morphologies, the treatment of bilateral symmetry, the graphical representation of form variability in three dimensions and the interpretation of the results in terms of differential growth processes. To visualize complex patterns of shape change, we propose an alternative to classical Cartesian deformation grids in the style of 'Arcy W. Thompson. Reference to the surface structures of the organism under investigation permits a comprehensive visual grasp of shape change and its tentative interpretation in terms of differential growth. The application of this method to the analysis of human craniofacial shape variation reveals distinct modes of growth and development of the neurocranial and viscerocranial regions of the skull. Our data further indicate that variations in the orientation of the viscerocranium relative to the neurocranium impinge on the shapes of the face and the cranial vault.

Homo sapiens

Variation (astronomy)

10.1098/rspb.2002.1960

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Citations (87)

Brain growth, energetics, and the slow life history of Neanderthals

The 84th Annual Meeting of the American Association of Physical Anthropologists, St. Louis, MO (2015)

Christoph P. E. Zollikofer Marcia S. Ponce de León

Energetics

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The Lapedo Child Reborn: Contributions of CT Scanning and Rapid Prototyping for an Upper Paleolithic Infant Burial and Face Reconstruction. The Case of Lagar Velho Interpretation Centre, Leiria, Portugal

Fernando Silva de Almeida Paulo Bártolo Nicolli S.R. Alves HALINE JANAÍNA FRANCO ALMEIDA Marcia S. Ponce de León

The Lagar Velho rock shelter became known worldwide since the discovery, in late 1998, of a nicely preserved Upper Paleolithic burial, containing an almost complete child skeleton, whose later anatomical study provided strong evidence for an admixture between the latest Neanderthal communities of Iberia and the first anatomically modern humans during the few millennia that the two populations co-existed. Given the importance of the find and the fragility of the skeleton, it was decided, for exhibition purposes, to make a replica of the burial context. This endeavor implied the combination of CT scanning of the complete skeleton, virtual reconstruction of the severely shattered skull, and rapid prototyping of the totality of the bone inventory through different methods (stereolithography and 3D printing).The burial depression was reproduced through traditional modeling techniques. In addition, Rapid prototyping was also essential for the facial reconstruction of the “Lapedo Kid”, which will be available to visitors of the Lagar Velho Interpretation Centre, in Leiria, Portugal. This paper presents the main stages of production of two of the most appealing objects of this local museum facility, evaluating the combined use of scanning techniques, virtual and physical prototyping for the improvement of public access to archeological heritage.

Upper Paleolithic

Neanderthal

Artifact (error)

3D Scanning

Rapid Prototyping

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Citations (1)

The labyrinthine morphology of Pronycticebus gaudryi (Primates, Adapiformes)

Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments (2012)

Renaud Lebrun Marc Godinot Sébastien Couette Paul Tafforeau Christoph P. E. Zollikofer

Synapomorphy