Ann Margvelashvili

Georgian National Museum

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David Lordkipanidze

Tbilisi State University

María Martinón‐Torres

National Research Center on Human Evolution

José Marı́a Bermúdez de Castro

University College London

Juan Luís Arsuaga

Universidad Complutense de Madrid

Marcia S. Ponce de León

University of Zurich

Christoph P. E. Zollikofer

University of Zurich

Aida Gómez‐Robles

University College London

G. Philip Rightmire

Harvard University

Eudald Carbonell

Universidad Rovira i Virgili

Carles Lalueza‐Fox

Natural Science Museum of Barcelona

Cooperative Institutions

Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique

Institut de Biologia Evolutiva

University of Copenhagen

Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas

Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology

Universitat de Barcelona

Universidad Complutense de Madrid

Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona

Tbilisi State University

Histoire Naturelle de l’Homme Préhistorique

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Response to Comment on “A Complete Skull from Dmanisi, Georgia, and the Evolutionary Biology of Early Homo ”

Science (2014)

Christoph P. E. Zollikofer Marcia S. Ponce de León Ann Margvelashvili G. Philip Rightmire David Lordkipanidze

Schwartz et al. hold that variation among the Dmanisi skulls reflects taxic diversity. The morphological observations to support their hypothesis, however, are partly incorrect, and not calibrated against intraspecific variation in living taxa. After proper adjustment, Schwartz et al.'s data are fully compatible with the hypothesis of a single paleodeme of early Homo at Dmanisi.

Variation (astronomy)

10.1126/science.1250081

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Citations (18)

Variation among the Dmanisi hominins: Multiple taxa or one species?

American Journal of Physical Anthropology (2018)

G. Philip Rightmire Ann Margvelashvili David Lordkipanidze

Abstract Objectives There is continuing controversy over the number of taxa documented by the Dmanisi hominins. Variation may reflect age and sex differences within a single population. Alternatively, two (or more) distinct species may be present. Our null hypothesis states that just one population is represented at the site. Materials and methods We assess the likely sources of variation in endocranial capacity, craniofacial and mandibular morphology, and the expression of characters related to aging and sex dimorphism. We use the coefficient of variation and a modified version of Levene's test for equal variances to compare trait variation at Dmanisi with that in fossil hominins and modern Homo sapiens from Africa. Results Skull 5 presents a low, massive vault, and a muzzle‐like lower face. Other individuals have larger brains and more globular vaults. Despite such variation, the five crania share numerous features. All of the mandibles possess marginal tubercles, mandibular tori, and a distinctive patterning of mental foramina. Relative variation at Dmanisi is comparable to that in selected reference groups. Further growth anticipated in Skull 3, age‐related remodeling affecting the D2600 mandible, pathology, and sex dimorphism can account for much of the interindividual variation observed. The preponderance of evidence supports our null hypothesis. Discussion Sources of the variation within ancient Homo assemblages remain poorly understood. Skull 5 is a very robust male, with a brain smaller than that of both a juvenile (Skull 3) and a probable female (Skull 2). Skull 1 has the largest brain, but cranial superstructures do not clearly mark this individual as male or female. It is likely that the Dmanisi hominins represent a single paleospecies of Homo displaying a pattern of sex dimorphism not seen in living hominids.

Crania

Sexual dimorphism

Cranial vault

Variation (astronomy)

10.1002/ajpa.23759

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The 82nd Annual Meeting of the American Association of Physical Anthropologists, Knoxville, Tennessee (2013)

Ann Margvelashvili Christoph P. E. Zollikofer Marcia S. Ponce de León

Mastication

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A Complete Skull from Dmanisi, Georgia, and the Evolutionary Biology of Early Homo

Science (2013)

David Lordkipanidze Marcia S. Ponce de León Ann Margvelashvili Yoel Rak G. Philip Rightmire

The site of Dmanisi, Georgia, has yielded an impressive sample of hominid cranial and postcranial remains, documenting the presence of Homo outside Africa around 1.8 million years ago. Here we report on a new cranium from Dmanisi (D4500) that, together with its mandible (D2600), represents the world's first completely preserved adult hominid skull from the early Pleistocene. D4500/D2600 combines a small braincase (546 cubic centimeters) with a large prognathic face and exhibits close morphological affinities with the earliest known Homo fossils from Africa. The Dmanisi sample, which now comprises five crania, provides direct evidence for wide morphological variation within and among early Homo paleodemes. This implies the existence of a single evolving lineage of early Homo, with phylogeographic continuity across continents.

Early Pleistocene

Hominidae

Homo erectus

10.1126/science.1238484

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Dental evidence on the hominin dispersals during the Pleistocene

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (2007)

María Martinón‐Torres José Marı́a Bermúdez de Castro Aida Gómez‐Robles Juan Luís Arsuaga Eudald Carbonell

A common assumption in the evolutionary scenario of the first Eurasian hominin populations is that they all had an African origin. This assumption also seems to apply for the Early and Middle Pleistocene populations, whose presence in Europe has been largely explained by a discontinuous flow of African emigrant waves. Only recently, some voices have speculated about the possibility of Asia being a center of speciation. However, no hard evidence has been presented to support this hypothesis. We present evidence from the most complete and up-to-date analysis of the hominin permanent dentition from Africa and Eurasia. The results show important morphological differences between the hominins found in both continents during the Pleistocene, suggesting that their evolutionary courses were relatively independent. We propose that the genetic impact of Asia in the colonization of Europe during the Early and Middle Pleistocene was stronger than that of Africa.

Early Pleistocene

Out of africa

Hominidae

Paleoanthropology

10.1073/pnas.0706152104

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IMPORTANCE AND URGENCY OF TREATMENT AND PREVENTION STRATEGIES OF COMPLICATIONS IN ORTHODONTIC PATIENTS - LITERATURE REVIEW.

PubMed (2024)

Maria Nikuradze Zurab Artmeladze Ann Margvelashvili Vladimer Margvelashvili M Kalandadze

During orthodontic treatment patients' oral condition changes, thus influencing the overall health. Therefore, the treatment approaches require regular revision and updates to new guidelines. This literature review aims to analyse the oral health status in orthodontic patients focusing on the importance and urgency of treatment, preventive approaches to complications, and effects of the appliances on the oral biome. The review used Google Scholar, PubMed, and Science Direct databases for article searches dating from 2000 to 2024 on the status of the oral cavity changes during orthodontic treatment. Results have shown that changes in the oral cavity do not depend on the type of orthodontic appliances, both qualitative and quantitative changes in the bacterial flora were detected in cases of using all types of appliances. Orthodontic appliances and treatment may deteriorate overall oral hygiene in patients, particularly when patients practice poor oral hygiene habits, increasing the risks of developing dental decays and periodontal diseases.

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The dental proteome of Homo antecessor

Nature (2020)

Frido Welker Jazmín Ramos‐Madrigal Petra Gutenbrunner Meaghan Mackie Shivani Tiwary

Homo erectus

Homo sapiens

Hominidae

Neanderthal

Paleoanthropology

Early Pleistocene