Carsten Ochsen

University of Applied Labour Studies of the Federal Employment Agency

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Co-Authors

Heinz Welsch

Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg

Michael Kühn

University of Vienna

Fabian Busch

University of Rostock

Robert Fenge

University of Rostock

Eckhard Hein

Northampton Community College

Marlies Kornfeld

University of Rostock

Pascal Hetze

Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research

Marlies Kimura

Stephan Brunow

Institut für Arbeitsmarkt und Berufsforschung

Joshua R. Goldstein

University of California, Berkeley

Cooperative Institutions

University of Rostock

Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research

Institut für Arbeitsmarkt und Berufsforschung

Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München

Federal Foreign Office

Employment Agency

University of Applied Labour Studies of the Federal Employment Agency

University of Bamberg

TU Dresden

University of California, Berkeley

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Teachers’ versus parental choice and the tracking distribution of students: a natural experiment

Applied Economics (2015)

Marlies Kornfeld Carsten Ochsen

This article studies the secondary school track choice and considers to what extent parents’ and teachers’ assessment of students diverge. We take advantage of a reform in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW) in 2006. The reform replaced parents’ choice about their children’s secondary school type by a binding teacher recommendation. Our data comprise class-level information on all public primary schools in the state. We find that teachers tend to recommend higher school types than parents. However, more precise analysis shows that this effect can be limited to districts with above average proportion of immigrants.

Natural experiment

Tracking (education)

School Choice

10.1080/00036846.2015.1080808

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Citations (2)

Student assessment and grade retention: evidence from a natural experiment

Education Economics (2016)

Marlies Kornfeld Carsten Ochsen

In several countries, students are tracked into secondary school types. This paper studies whether parents or teachers assess students' potential performance more adequately. We evaluate a reform in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia in 2006. The reform replaced parents' choice about their children's school type by a binding teacher recommendation. The dependent variable is educational attainment measured by grade retention rates. We find that teacher recommendations cause less grade retentions. The effect is mainly driven by students from better situated districts. This finding may capture that with free parental choice, parents select too demanding tracks for their children.

Grade retention

Natural experiment

Educational Attainment

10.1080/09645292.2016.1199660

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Citations (3)

Technology, Trade, and Income Distribution in West Germany: A Factor-Share Analysis, 1976-1994

SSRN Electronic Journal (2005)

Heinz Welsch Carsten Ochsen

This paper examines the determinants of functional income distribution in West Germany. The approach is to estimate a complete system of factor share equations for low-skilled labor, high-skilled labor, capital, energy, and materials, taking account of biased technological progress and increasing trade-orientation. Technological progress is found to reduce the share of low-skilled labor and to raise the share of high-skilled labor. The effect of technology bias on the two labor shares is enhanced by substitution of intermediate inputs for lowskilled labor, which is almost absent in the case of high-skilled labor. Trade-induced changes in the composition of aggregate output tend to mitigate these effects, due to the relatively favorable export performance of low-skill intensive industries. The year-to-year variation in the low-skilled share can be attributed to input prices, biased technological progress, and trade-induced structural change in the proportion 19:77:4. For high-skilled labor and capital, the output composition effect of trade contributes about one percent. The results are robust across several specifications examined.

Factor shares

Capital (architecture)

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Citations (1)

The Ins and Outs of German Unemployment

RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (2015)

Carsten Ochsen

This paper analyzes the contribution of flow rates and flow probabilities for unemployment dynamics of different age groups using administrative panel data for Germany. I consider a three-state model and allow for flows from/to inactivity (out of the labor force) to/from unemployment. The dynamics that arise from the inactivity and activity flows account for about 40% of unemployment dynamics (inactivity is more important), while the contribution of separation and job finding is roughly 40% and 20% respectively. Across five age cohorts I find remarkable differences in flow contributions. In the steady state approach the overall contribution of inflow and outflow rates is roughly 50%:50%, but for the non-steady state approach I find a slightly stronger contribution of the outflow rates. I also point out the possibility of a regional aggregation bias that can be of similar importance as the time aggregation bias.

Outflow

Inflow

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Zukunft der Arbeit und Arbeit der Zukunft in Deutschland

Perspektiven der Wirtschaftspolitik (2006)

Carsten Ochsen

Abstract: Due to the fact that the unemployment rate of high skilled labour in Germany is about 3% in the last 30 years, this paper deals with theories that account for heterogeneous labour. The main finding is that the reduction of the labour costs cannot reduce the aggregated unemployment rate substantially. An important conclusion is that the skill upgrading of the labour force is slower than that of labour demand. The future of work in Germany lies not in low paid low skilled jobs, but in high(er) skilled occupation.

Labour supply

10.1111/j.1465-6493.2006.00205.x

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Citations (2)

The distribution of unemployment by age and the unemployment rate: A puzzle?

RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (2008)

Carsten Ochsen

This paper examines the effects of the distribution of unemployment by age on the level of unemployment. We provide an extension of the standard equilibrium unemployment model that allows for age dependent job finding probabilities and quit rates. In the empirical part of the paper we apply a panel estimator on data for a set of OECD countries to test the implications of the theoretical model. The results provide the somewhat surprising evidence that the distribution of unemployment by age has a hump-shape effect on the unemployment rate.

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Ist der Zusammenhang von Arbeitsmarktinstitutionen und Arbeitslosigkeit nicht-linear?

RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (2007)

Carsten Ochsen

The author analyses the relationship between labour market institutions and unemployment for 20 industrial countries. He examines, whether there is a non-linear relationship between institutions and unemployment. The author estimates country-specific equations and as well as panel data models. He draws the conclusion that there is a non-linear relationship between labour market institutions and unemployment. However, the institutions have played only a minor role for the level and development of unemployment in recent decades.

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Crime and European labour market policy

RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (2005)

Carsten Ochsen

In this paper we investigate the effects of labour market policy on several types of criminal offences for fifteen European countries. The main results are the following: Firstly, the results change markedly if we control for unobserved heterogeneity. In the context of criminal offences the estimates seem to be reliable only if we apply fixed effects instead of simple pool specifications. Secondly, the effects of labour market policy vary considerably with respect to the different types of criminal offences and cannot be subdivided into unambiguous effects on property crimes and violent crimes, respectively. Thirdly, the proxy variables for labour market policy we consider have different importance with respect to their effect on criminal offences. Benefit replacement rate, benefit duration, and average years of schooling seem to be important, whereas active labour market policy appears not to be linked to crime. The combination of a shorter benefit duration and higher replacement rate, like in the Nordic countries, seems to be a 'crime reducing' combination.

Proxy (statistics)

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Dismantling of nuclear power in Germany: sectoral and macroeconomic effects

Energy Policy (2001)

Heinz Welsch Carsten Ochsen

Mains electricity

German government

Electricity demand

10.1016/s0301-4215(00)00125-7

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