?Sabes cual es el efecto del miedo en tu cerebro? Esta emocion puede que sea mas perdurable en estos tiempos, pudiendo generar efectos negativos en la cognicion...pero hay una forma simple de bajar este miedo y nos la cuenta Cristian Baeza, academico de la Universidad Autonoma de Chile. Como siempre, al estilo Eureka!
Introduction: Aortic dissection and aneurysm rupture are aortic emergencies. Surgical outcomes and interventional procedures have improved over the past two decades; however, whether this has translated into lower mortality across countries remains an open question. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that given improved surgical mortality, there will be improvement in mortality from aortic dissection and rupture in the UK, Japan, USA, and Canada. Methods: We analyzed the WHO mortality database to determine trends in mortality from aortic dissection and rupture in 4 countries from 2000 to 2019. Crude mortality rate and age-standardized mortality rate per 100,000 persons were calculated, and annual percentage change was estimated using joinpoint regression. Results: In 2019, crude and age-standardized mortality rates from aortic dissection were 2.15 and 1.04 in UK, 8.67 and 2.66 in Japan, 1.21 and 0.76 in USA, and 1.30 and 0.67 in Canada, respectively. In 2019, crude and age-standardized mortality rates from aortic rupture were 4.86 and 1.80 in UK, 5.22 and 1.16 in Japan, 1.04 and 0.52 in USA, and 1.99 and 0.81 in Canada, respectively. There was a significantly decreasing trend in age-standardized mortality from aortic aneurysm rupture in all 4 countries over the study period, and a decreasing trend in age-standardized mortality from aortic dissection in the UK over the study period, in USA until 2010, and in Canada until 2012. There was a significantly increasing trend in mortality from aortic dissection in Japan over the study period, in the USA after 2010, and in Canada after 2012. Joinpoint regression identified significant changes in the trends from decreasing to increasing in USA and Canada. In sensitivity analyses stratified by sex, similar trends were observed. Conclusions: Trends in mortality from aortic aneurysm rupture are decreasing, however, mortality from aortic dissection is increasing in Japan, USA, and Canada. Further study to explain these trends is warranted.
Recent trends in climate modeling find in GRID computing a powerful way to achieve results by sharing geographically distributed computing and storage resources. In particular, ensemble prediction experiments are based on the generation of multiple model simulations to explore, statistically, the existing uncertainties in weather and climate forecast. In this paper, we present a GRID application consisting of a state-of-the-art climate model. The main goal of the application is to provide a tool that can be used by a climate researcher to run ensemble-based predictions on the GRID for sensitivity studies. One of the main duties of this tool is the management of a workflow involving long-term jobs and data management in a user-friendly way. In this paper we show that, due to weaknesses of current GRID middleware, this management is complex task. Those weaknesses made necessary the development of a robust workflow adapted to the requirements of the climate application. As an illustrative scientific challenge, the application is applied to study the El Niño phenomenon, by simulating an El Niño year with different forcing conditions and analyzing the precipitation response over south-American countries subject to flooding risk.
Abstract: Ischaemia reperfusion injury is a pathophysiological event that occurs after cardiac surgery with extracorporeal circulation. This clinical event has been associated with the induction of oxidative and inflammatory damage in atrial tissue. Here, we tested whether combined omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n‐3 PUFA)‐antioxidant vitamin protocol therapy reduces oxidative and inflammatory cardiac tissue damage. This trial assigned 95 either‐sex patients to supplementation with n‐3 PUFA (2 g/day), or matching placebo groups, 7 days before on‐pump surgery. Antioxidant vitamins C (1 g/day) and E (400 IU/day) or placebo were added from 2 days before surgery until discharge. Blood and atrial tissue samples were obtained during the intervention. Reduced/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) ratio, malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonylation were determined in atrial tissue. Leucocyte count and high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP) in blood plus nuclear factor (NF)‐κappaB activation in atrial tissue served for inflammation assessment. Lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation were 27.5 and 24% lower in supplemented patients ( p < 0.01). GSH/GSSG ratio was 38.1% higher in supplemented patients compared with placebo ( p < 0.01). Leucocyte count and serum hs‐CRP levels were markedly lower throughout the protocol in supplemented patients ( p < 0.01). Atrial tissue NF‐κB DNA activation in supplemented patients was 22.5% lower than that in placebo patients ( p < 0.05). The combined n‐3 PUFA‐antioxidant vitamin protocol therapy here proposed reduced the oxidative stress and inflammation biomarkers, in patients undergoing on‐pump cardiac surgery.
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