This systematic literature review sought to identify methodologies and technical strategies emphasising healthcare services and outcomes when incorporating the concept of equity into Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPG). 940 references were identified, of which 20 fulfilling the inclusion criteria were selected. While no reports were found describing or evaluating an explicit methodology for incorporating considerations of equity into CPG, some studies revealed related strategies or processes, summarised as follows: 1. Target population involvement during all phases of designing, implementing and evaluating CPG; 2. "Cultural capacity" seen as being necessary in CPGs' "cultural translation" for interventions to have less disparity regarding their application and results; 3. Considering psycho-social factors which could affect implementing CPG, and; 4. Considering system inequities so that any health intervention would also confront risks and obstacles to health care due to socioeconomic status. It was concluded that CPGs could be a potential route for promoting more equitable healthcare effects by standardising health interventions if, by incorporating some of the processes described above, they actively seek to avoid unjust differences in access to and/or the quality of the interventions that they prescribe.
The increasing global quantities of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) and its inadequate management have sparked a drive for the circular economy in the electrical and electronic equipment (EEE) sector. The adoption of circular economy business models (CEBMs) in the EEE sector is still in its infancy. Few studies have addressed the adoption of specific CEBMs for one or multiple specific EEE products but often the focus has been on limited stakeholders or lifecycle phases. No study has yet been identified that explores and compares the key EEE stakeholders’ perspectives relating to the opportunities, challenges, and enablers for CEBM adoption. Hence, this research employed seven separate stakeholder questionnaire surveys to encapsulate, interpret and compare the perspectives of EEE products’ designers, manufacturers, suppliers, retailers, recyclers, business-to-business, and business-to-customer users on factors that drive and hinder the uptake of CEBMs in the EEE sector. The research indicated a strong level agreement amongst the responding EEE stakeholders that opportunities exist for the adoption of CEBMs, notably economic opportunities that should be seized to maximize value creation and capture. Opportunities for recovery and recycling and product longevity are shown to be favoured, while leasing and renting are overlooked. On the other hand, the findings demonstrate that the added value to be derived from the adoption of CEBMs and the costs associated with their adoption are still unclear, and that there are still limited offerings of circular products. The research contributes to an understanding and advancement of the circular economy via CEBM adoption in the EEE sector.
This systematic literature review sought to identify methodologies and technical strategies emphasising healthcare services and outcomes when incorporating the concept
The adoption of circularity indicators in the electrical and electronic sector is understood to play a critical role in organisational decision making during the transition from a linear to a circular economy. Yet, it is widely recognised that there is no standardised method of measuring circularity performance. Additionally, the extent of literature uncovers a range of shortcomings of existing cross-sector circularity indicators, including a predominant focus on end-of-life, limited coverage of social measurements, a lack of sector specificity and limited capture of product functionality, durability or sharing. Furthermore, the current electrical and electronic sector-specific circularity indicators focus greatly on repair and recycling, failing to acknowledge the significant impact on circularity of the design and manufacturing, distribution and use phases. Therefore, this research set out to answer how electrical and electronic manufacturers can measure the circular economy performance of their products by developing and testing multidimensional circularity indicators for all products’ life cycle stages. To achieve this, a two-fold qualitative approach was adopted. Firstly, a stakeholders’ workshop aiming to generate, categorise and rate novel circularity indicators was held. Secondly, a focus group piloted the resulting workshop’s circularity indicators. The findings highlight key factors that influence circularity indicators’ applicability to electrical and electronic products, including product function, service arrangement, and customer type. The research has implications for electrical and electronic organisations seeking pathways to the circular economy by understanding, assessing, and measuring the circularity of their products.
How do photographers respond to the global conflicts so prevalent in modern society? With Paul Lowe and Harry Hardie, co curators of the collateral Damage exhibition, Mishka Henner and Dr Jennifer Pollard.
This one-day seminar will explore the issues surrounding the photographic representation of conflict through a series of presentations and a panel disscussion, and will include a guided tour of the ‘Collateral Damage’ exhibition with the show’s curators and invited photographers as well as screenings of a series of multimedia pieces.
This paper begins with a discussion of contemporary ‘multimedia slideshows’ or ‘photofilms’ increasingly used in campaigns by the humanitarian/NGO sector. One reason for the popularity of this means of communication is its particular power in combining photographs and words to tell individual’s stories. While there is a tendency within the sector to see these tools as highly innovative and even radical, the roots of multimedia slideshows in fact lie in projection apparatuses dating back as far as the seventeenth century; specifically the ‘magic lantern’.
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