Noble-metal-free Ni3N/g-C3N4 heterojunctions that show high photocatalytic hydrogen evolution activity comparable to platinized g-C3N4 were successfully synthesized.
Photoredox catalysis is a powerful tool to access challenging and diverse syntheses. Absorption of visible light forms the excited state catalyst (*PC) but photons may be wasted if one of several unproductive pathways occur. Facile dissociation of the charge-separated encounter complex [PC
Clozapine is an effective treatment for a proportion of people with schizophrenia (SZ) who are resistant to the beneficial effects of other antipsychotic drugs. However, anything from 40–60 % of people on clozapine experience residual symptoms even on adequate doses of the medication, and thus could be considered 'clozapine resistant'. Agents that could work alongside clozapine to improve efficacy whilst not increasing the adverse effect burden are both desired and necessary to improve the lives of individuals with clozapine-resistant SZ. N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) is one such possible agent. Previous research from our research group provided promising pilot data suggesting the efficacy of NAC in this patient population. The aim of the study reported here is to expand this work by conducting a large scale clinical trial of NAC in the treatment of clozapine-resistant SZ. This study is an investigator initiated, multi-site, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. It aims to include 168 patients with clozapine-resistant SZ, divided into an intervention group (NAC) and a control group (placebo). Participants in the intervention group will receive 2 g daily of NAC. The primary outcome measures will be the negative symptom scores of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Secondary outcome measures will include: changes in quality of life (QoL) as measured by the Lancashire Quality of Life Profile (LQoLP) and cognitive functioning as measured by the total score on the MATRICS. Additionally we will examine peripheral and cortical glutathione (GSH) concentrations as process outcomes. This large scale clinical trial will investigate the efficacy of NAC as an adjunctive medication to clozapine. This trial, if successful, will establish a cheap, safe and easy-to-use agent (NAC) as a 'go to' adjunct in patients that are only partly responsive to clozapine. Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registration Number: Current Randomised Controlled Trial ACTRN12615001273572 . The date of registration 23 November 2015.
Redox mediated mechanism in electrochemiluminescence (ECL) beads-based assay: the influence of Ir( iii ) redox mediators increases the ECL signal up to 107%.
Constructing flow-through reactors for chemiluminescence detection by machining channels into polymer disks has enabled the exploration of new configurations and materials that can improve signal intensity beyond that attainable with the traditional coiled-tubing design. Several approaches to merge reactant solutions were examined: an intersection, chamber or deeper well in the centre of a serpentine configuration flow-cell (directly in front of a photomultiplier tube), or a confluence point outside the detection zone. For several analytically useful, rapid chemiluminescence reactions, the single-inlet flow-cell with external Y-piece was most suitable, but for others (such as KMnO(4)/Mn(II) with morphine, and [Ir(f-ppy)(2)BPS](-) with fluoroquinolones) the dual-inlet configuration provided greater signals. The introduction of central mixing zones with larger widths than the channel reduced the chemiluminescence response. The reversing turns of a serpentine channel promote efficient mixing and greater chemiluminescence intensities than a spiral channel, but increasing the sharpness of the turns created areas of poor solution flow and decreased the chemiluminescence response. Teflon disks impregnated with glass microspheres increased the chemiluminescence signals by 13%-17%, due to the greater reflection of stray light towards the photodetector.