Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant disease characterized by the clonal proliferation of plasma cells within the bone marrow. Several cytokines have been demonstrated to be involved in the control of growth, progression, and dissemination of MM. We determined serum levels of interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and C-reactive protein (CRP) in 14 newly diagnosed MM patients. The median age of the patients was 63.4 +/- 10.8 years and all of the patients were stage III (classified according to the Durie-Salmon classification). The same parameters were measured in 15 healthy controls. In addition, we also examined the effects of vincristine-adriamycin-dexamethasone (VAD) therapy on the same parameters and mediators as well as the relationship among the parameters in the same patient groups. The serum concentrations of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, sIL-2R, IL-6, IL-8, and CRP (18.6 +/- 3.7 pg/mL, 10.1 +/- 2.8 pg/mL, 730 +/- 220 U/mL, 11.4 +/- 3.3 pg/mL, 23.9 +/- 8.3 pg/mL, and 49.9 +/- 19.5 mg/dL, resp) were significantly higher in newly diagnosed MM patients than in healthy controls (P < .0001). All of the parameters were found to be significantly reduced after chemotherapy. In conclusion, we found that after the VAD therapy, the level of these cytokines which are thought to play an important role in the pathogenesis of MM was significantly suppressed. This is the first study demonstrating strong impact of VAD treatment on circulating mediators of sIL-2R and IL-8 levels parameters.
Natural killer cell tumors are an uncommon and a heterogeneous group of disorders. These neoplasms are very aggressive, have a poor prognosis and can involve various degrees and forms of skin involvement. In contrast to the other type natural killer cell tumors, the extranasal natural killer cell lymphoma was clinically less aggressive; more localized and had a better outcome. We reported a patient with extranasal NK lymphoma, developed unexpected extensive skin involvement during the course of his disease. A-62 year old male patient admitted with swelling of the testis. Extranasal NK cell lymphoma with bone marrow involvement was diagnosed after orchiectomy and bone marrow biopsy. Extensive skin involvement developed after three cycles of CHOP chemotherapy and he died four months later from diagnosis. Key words: Ekstranazal; skin-testis; NK-cell lymphoma.
Convalescent Plasma (CP) therapy is of interest as no vaccine or specific treatment is available for emerging viruses such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 causing Covid-19. It was aimed to report the results of our patients who underwent CP in the treatment of Covid-19.CP treatment was applied to 26 Covid-19 patients in intensive care unit who had quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction positive Sars-Cov-2 infection. Plasma was collected at least 14 days after complete recovery from patients who had mild or moderate infection with Sars-Cov-2 infection. The collected CP (200cc) were applied to severe Covid-19 patients. Laboratory values of patients just before CP and after 7 days were compared.There were no statistically significant differences in leukocyte, neutrophil, lymphocyte, platelet, CRP, ferritin, LDH, ALT, AST, sO2 and total bilirubin values just before and after 1 week of CP. A statistically significant difference was found between age and lymphocyte values of living and dying patients. The patients who died were determined to have older age (74,6 vs 61,85, p = 0,018) and more severe lymphopenia (0,47 vs 1,18, p = 0,001).CP therapy has the potential to provide immediate and promising treatment options before specific vaccines and treatments are developed. In early stage Covid-19 patients who do not need mechanical ventilation, CP treatment may be a curative treatment option.
Abstract Objective Detection of JAK2 V617F in myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) is very important in both diagnosis and disease progression. In our study, we investigated the frequency of JAK2 V617F mutation in patients with myeloproliferative disorders. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the records of 720 patients (174 females and 546 males) who were tested for JAK2 V617F mutation from January 2007 to December 2017. Results In our patients were determined 22.6% JAK2 V617F mutation. 33.3% in women, 19.2% in men have been positive for JAK2 V617F mutation. In our study JAK2 V617F present in 48.6% of essential thrombocythemia, 80.5% of polycythemia rubra vera (PV), 47.5% of primary myelofibrosis, 10% of MPNs, unclassifiable, 0.8% of others. We also investigated the difference in hematological parameters [white blood cell, hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (HCT), red blood cell distribution widths (RDW) and platelets count (PLT)] between JAK2 V617F positive and JAK2 V617F negative patients. Conclusions Investigation of the JAK2 V617F mutation is very important in cases of MPNs. In our study JAK2 V617F mutation was higher in PV, essential thrombocythemia, and primary myelofibrosis patients. However, there were significant differences in Hb, HCT, RDW and PLT levels in mutation-positive patients.
Background: Chemotherapy-induced nephrotoxicity is an important handicap for optimal treatment. For this reason, we need useful markers for early detection of chemotherapy-induced renal disfunction. This study was performed to investigate the relationship between the plasma natriuretic peptides’ (ANP and BNP) levels and chemotherapy-induced nephrotoxicity. Methods: Thirty patients treated with cisplatin, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin and cytosine arabinoside which having known nephrotoxic side effects, were enrolled in this study. Seventeen of the patients were male and 13 were female with a median age of 44. Also 30 healthy person were included to this study. Four chemotherapy courses were administered to each patient. Renal function tests (BUN, creatinin, urine micrototal protein/creatinin [ Pr / Cr] , glomeruler filtration rate (GFR) and urine Na) and plasma levels of ANP and BNP were measured before and after the treatments in both the patient and the control group. Results: Before the treatment, there was no significant difference between the patients and the control group in comparison of renal function tests and plasma ANP-BNP levels. However, a decline in GFR, increase in urine Pr / Cr and plasma ANP-BNP levels were observed with subsequent courses of chemotherapy protocol, which were considered statistically significant (P < 0.001). The plasma levels of ANP and BNP appeared to be higher in patients treated with nephrotoxic anticancer agents. Conclusions: The elevated levels of natriuretic peptides may be useful in determining the chemotherapy-induced nephrotoxicity earlier, which highlights their importance and role in follow-up. doi:10.4021/wjnu7e
IntroductionAcute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is a heterogeneous clonal disorder of haemopoietic progenitor cells and the most common malignant myeloid disorder in adults.The pathophysiology of this disease is being investigated, but it is thought that activation of abnormal genes due to chromosomal translocations and other genetic disorders plays a role in the pathogenesis.Among these, the molecular aspects of several oncofusion proteins associated with subtypes of AML are significant (1).Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is, a distinctive subgroup representing 5%-15% of AML patients (2).APL is a widespread malignant hematological tumor characterized by the t(15;17) chromosome translocation.Results in the fusion of the retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARA) gene on chromosome 17 and PML gene on chromosome 15, with the expression of a PML-RARA fusion protein (3).There are 3 potential PML-RARA isoforms caused by these translocations.The breakpoint in chromosome 17 is consistently found in intron 2, but alter in chromosome 15.The 3 breakpoints on the PML gene can occur at intron 3 (L-long form), intron 6 (S-short form), and exon 6 (V form).The variation in position of breakpoints within the PML gene produces PML-RARA transcripts of ABSTRACT Recurrent balanced translocations are generally considered as the main parameter for prognosis in acute myeloid leukemia (AML).In recent years, genetic studies have focused on the ascertaintment of molecular aspects of various oncofusion proteins associated with AML, such as t(15;17) PML-RARA, t(8;21) RUNX1-RUNX1T1, t(9;22) BCR-ABL1 and inv ( 16) CBFB-MYH11.Therefore, we evaluated AML cases with RT-PCR for known specific genetic abnormalities that could lead to more accurate prognosis.In our study, we retrospectively reviewed the records of 211 cases ( 59.2% males and 40.8% females).RT-PCR technique was performed to identify t(15;17) PML-RARA, t(8;21) RUNX1-RUNX1T1, t(9;22) BCR-ABL1 and inv ( 16) CBFB-MYH11.The most common rearrangement was found to be t (15; 17) (%12.8)followed by t (8; 21) (7.11%), t (9; 22) (7.6%) and inv (16) (1.42%).Also, in two other cases (0.95%) t(15;17) and t(8;21) were seen together.In addition, none of these rearrangement were found in 148 cases (70.14%) with AML.The presence of chromosomal rearrangements are very important in the diagnosis of AML.Therefore, rapid identification of specific rearrangements during diagnosis is important for prognostic purposes and can help identifying the cause of leukemogenesis and provide new strategies for the treatment of cases.This study is useful for both in Turkey oncologists and transplant centers in other regions will be a reference for the future analyzes and epide miological data.
Herpes zoster (zona) is an infection with acute vesicular eruption due to the varicella zoster virus. A painful skin rash characterizes herpes zoster, with dermatomal distribution in a limited area on one side of the body. A 49-year-old Caucasian male with chronic lymphocytic leukemia presented with sudden onset of painful vesicles on the right abdomen. He was receiving fludarabine for the treatment of Chronic lymphocytic leukemia. The patient was neutropenic and diagnosed as zona zoster based on history and physical examination; acyclovir treatment was initiated. After 3 days of the treatment he developed florid disseminated erythematous vesicles over his entire body, including the face and scalp. Tzanck smear showed varicella zoster. Despite acyclovir treatment diffuse infiltration was observed in the lungs of the patient, with hyperthermia and dyspnea. Pneumonia was consisted with thoracic computed tomography. The patient's hyperthermia did not respond to teikoplanin, meropenem and intravenous immunoglobulin. He died. Key words: Herpes Zoster; Zona; Infection; Fludarabine; Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia.