Abstract Background The objective of the study is to review the available data and investigate whether smoking is a risk factor for severe Covid-19, ICU admission, and mortality. Studies have shown conflicting data linking smoking to serious Covid-19 outcomes, necessitating updating knowledge. Methods A systematic review was conducted using PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus, and Web of Science databases until June 8, 2022. All original articles described the risk of smoking as a predictor for hospitalization and ICU admission among Covid-19 patients, and studies that assessed the association between smoking and Covid-19 severity and/or mortality in a multivariable analysis in a cohort study design were eligible. Outcomes were severity and mortality from Covid-19 infection. Results A total of 3085 articles were identified through the systematic search, and 34 deemed eligible were included after consensus. The selected articles were all published between 2020 and 2022. The majority of the studies originated in Asia and the United States. Most of patients were non-smokers. 12 articles were developed for predicting severe Covid-19 infection among tobacco users. However, the results did not examine depending on the smoking classification in most studies, despite the fact that the majority of the studies (n = 22) showed a substantial link between smoking and Covid-19 severity/mortality. Mortality (n = 32), ICU admission (n = 17), severe or hospitalization (n = 11), and mechanical ventilation (n = 10) studies were the outcomes presented. The nomogram study including smoking predictors may be useful for the early detection of Covid-19 patients who will be admitted to the ICU. Conclusions Smoking history significantly increased the probability of Covid-19 hospitalization, ICU admission, and mortality in patients. Healthcare professionals must assist smokers in giving up and changing their attitude toward smoking.
The transition of a pregnant woman's role often causes emotional changes that have an impact on marital satisfaction. We develop MIESRA mHealth and evaluate its impact on satisfaction of husband-wife relationship during pregnancy. A quasi-experimental study was conducted on 82 couples of pregnant women and divided into control, single, and paired group. We implemented MIESRA mHealth for four weeks. In the couple group, the wife did mindfulness based on the information in the MIESRA mHealth together with her husband. In a single group, the wife sees the video as an initial guide to doing mindfulness. In the control group, respondents received programme interventions from hospitals which included education and consultation with obstetricians. Husband-wife relationship is evaluated using Compatibility of Husband-and-Wife Relationships / Kesesuaian Hubungan Suami Istri (KHSI) questionnaire and the generalised estimating equations (GEE) was used to analyse the data. The women's KHSI scores in the couple and single intervention groups (β = -7.46, p = 0.002; β = -9.11, p = 0.001) were better than the control group. The husbands' KHSI scores in the paired and individual intervention groups (β = -7.04, p<0.001; β = -3.74, p = 0.024) were better than the control group. Nursing interventions to build emotional bonds between parents and foetuses based on mHealth can be a promising intervention for marital harmony during the perinatal period. MIESRA m-Health is a promising intervention on marital satisfaction during pregnancy and can be implemented as a part of the antenatal care programme to increase marital satisfaction.
Kemampuan perawatan diri anak tuna grahita, kemampuan perawatan diri dapat dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor, baik faktoreksternal (karakteristik orangtua dan lingkungan) maupun faktor internal (karakteristik anak). Penelitian ini bertujuan untukmengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kemampuan perawatan diri anak tuna grahita. Rancangan penelitian crosssectional dengan sampel adalah 65 orangtua anak tuna grahita di Sekolah Luar Biasa (SLB). Analisis data menggunakan ujiChi-Square dan regresi logistik ganda menunjukkan kemampuan perawatan diri pada anak tuna grahita masih rendah.Terdapathubungan bermakna antara pendidikan orang tua, umur, dan kekuatan motorik pada anak tuna grahita dengan kemampuanperawatan diri (p < 0,005). Faktor paling dominan yang mempunyai hubungan adalah faktor kekuatan motorik anak tunagrahita dengan OR= 4,77.
Background: This research paper aims to investigate the individual and regional factors that affect fertility in Indonesia. Methods: This was a crossectional study that analysed data from the 2002-2003, 2007, and 2012 Indonesian Demographic and Health Surveys and the 2012 National Family Planning Coordinating Board Routine Report regarding contraceptive services. The selection criteria for the sample population were married women considered to be of child bearing age (between 15 and 49 years), who had delivered at least one child. Analysis was completed using multilevel logistic regression. Results: Results show that regional factors that affect fertility are influenced by the contraceptive prevalence ratio. The individual factors that affected fertility were the job status of the participant's husband, the level of education attained, the perceived ideal number of children, intervals between births, and previous experience of child mortality. Conclusions: Both central and local governments of provinces with high fertility rates appear to have a lower socio-economic status and require strategic plans that increase expectant mother's participation in education. It is recommended that the National Family Planning Coordinating Board address high fertility rates in Indonesia by way of education. Women of child bearing age who have a low socio-economic status and education level should be targeted to reduce the perceived ideal number of children to 2 and to achieve longer birth intervals (more than 36 months).
A large numbers of credits taken by college students in Undergraduate Program proved to be insufficient for their successful competition in the job market. To deal with this issue, Teacher Training Colleges and Institution provided their graduates with several professional skills related to computer and internet, foreign language learning, and other vocational skills. Some of the results of these programs are fruitful for the graduations; however, several ongoing activities need to be monitored and reviewed. Although 'Hunting Tourists' has been the trade mark of the English Tadris Department, 'Teaching Engish for the Children' which will be implemented in the few years to come, may override the previous ones because of its advantages and practical values . Kata kunci: Praktikum, pembelajaran, pendekatan, metode, strategi, teknik, bahasa Inggris, program.
Kejadian stres pada pelbagai kelompok di Indonesia cukup tinggi dan belum banyak diketahui determinannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui determinan stres pada pegawai Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia (Kemenkes RI). Penelitian potong lintang ini dilakukan pada tahun 2013 terhadap 230 pegawai sekretariat jenderal yang dipilih secara acak. Analisis statistik menggunakan regresi logistik ganda. Responden dikatakan stres jika memiliki skor 28 atau lebih dengan menggunakan 17 pertanyaan terkait personal stress inventory. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan prevalensi stres sebesar 79% dan determinan stres adalah obesitas, usia, jabatan, suku, pendidikan, dan aktivitas fisik. Risiko stres lebih tinggi pada pegawai yang obesitas (ORadj = 1,9), pegawai berusia di bawah 40 tahun (ORadj = 2,1), suku Sunda (ORadj = 3,1), menduduki jabatan struktural (ORadj = 2,3), pegawai yang berpendidikan SMA atau D3 (ORadj = 2,8), dan pegawai perempuan yang kurang aktivitas fisik (ORadj = 8,2). Disimpulkan bahwa determinan stres sangat bergantung pada beban kerja dan karakteristik individu, risiko stres sangat tinggi terdapat pada pegawai perempuan yang kurang aktivitas fisik. Disarankan agar Kemenkes melakukan promosi kesehatan tentang hidup sehat dan pencegahan stres kepada seluruh pegawai, melakukan rekreasi bersama secara berkala, melaksanakan olahraga rutin setiap hari Jumat pagi di pusat kebugaran Kemenkes untuk menurunkan obesitas dan stres. Determinants of Stress among Civil Servants at Health Ministry of IndonesiaThe prevalence of stress on various groups in Indonesia is quite high and has not been known their determinants. This study aimed to find out determinants of stress among civil servants at the Health Ministry of Republic of Indonesia. This cross sectional study was conducted in 2013 toward 230 secretariat general civil servants selected randomly. Analysis of statistic used multiple logistic regression. Respondents were considered stress if they got score 28 or more by using 17 questions personal stress inventory. Results showed that prevalence of stress related to and determinants of stress were obesity, age, position, tribe, education and physical activity was worth 79%. The risk of stress was higher among obese civil servants (ORadj = 1.9), age under 40 years old (ORadj = 2.1), tribe Sundanese (ORadj = 3.1), structural positions (ORadj = 2.0), senior high school or vocation level (ORadj = 2.8), women with lack of physical activity (ORadj = 8.2). To sum up, determinants of stress very depended on work loads and individual characteristics, the highest risk of stress among women who lack of physical activity. The Health Ministry should promote health public concerning healthy lifestyle and prevention of stress to all civil servants, periodically holding recreation together, conducting regular exercise on Friday morning in order to reduce obesity and stress.
The background of this research is that there are still many fifth grade students whose learning outcomes are low, especially in the learning aspect of reading comprehension. Fifth grade students still have difficulties in understanding reading texts. This study wanted to find out and analyze students' reading comprehension skills, reasons for difficulties and alternative solutions to overcome problems in reading comprehension in fifth grade students at SD Negeri 18 Anduring, Padang City. This research approach uses qualitative research subjects 8 students of class V SD. Data obtained through observation, interviews, tests, and documentation. The results of this study indicate that fifth grade students at SD Negeri 18 Anduring, Padang City have sufficient ability in literal comprehension skills and are classified as lacking in interpretive understanding, critical understanding, and creative understanding. Factors causing the difficulty of reading comprehension in fifth grade students of SD Negeri 18 Anduring, Padang City, namely interests and activities in pre-reading, reading, post-reading activities and differences in students' abilities, facilities and infrastructure and school environment and family upbringing. Solutions that can be implemented are changing students' habits to read books, providing facilities and infrastructure, and teachers can apply models, strategies and learning methods that are appropriate for students.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan status hidrasi, perubahan nilai total serum bilirubin, dan perbedaan durasifototerapi bayi yang mendapat fototerapi dengan diberi ASI dan susu formula Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif,observasional, dan prospektif terhadap 34 bayi cukup bulan yang sehat di sebuah rumah sakit di Jakarta. Responden dibagi kedalam tiga kelompok, yaitu; kelompok bayi yang hanya diberi susu formula, kelompok bayi yang hanya diberi ASI, dan kelompokbayi yang diberi ASI dan susu formula. Hasil penelitian, menggunakan analisa data univariat dan bivariat dengan tes statistikChi-square, ANOVA dan Mann-Whitney, menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada perbedaan status hidrasi dan perbedaan perubahannilai total serum bilirubin (p= 0,76; α= 0,05), tetapi ada perbedaan durasi fototerapi antara ke tiga kelompok (p= 0,001; α=0,05). Kelompok yang diberi ASI mempunyai durasi fototerapi tersingkat. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan agar perawatmemastikan keefektifan breastfeeding selama fototerapi.
Abstract Diabetes Mellitus is one of the biggest health problems in Indonesia but the research on the disease’s projection is still limited. This study aimed to make a projection model of prevalence and mortality of diabetes in Indonesia based on risk factors and NCD programs. The study was a quantitative non-experimental study through multiple linear regression models and system dynamics. The baseline projection was created by 2018 data and projections until 2045 involved the dynamization of risk factors and programs, population, and case fatality rate. The model was created from 205 districts data. This study used secondary data from Basic Health Research, BPJS Kesehatan, NCD programs, and Ministry of Health. The prevalence of diabetes in Indonesia is estimated to increase from 9.19% in 2020 (18.69 million cases) to 16.09% in 2045 (40.7 million cases). The prevalence will be lower to 15.68% (39.6 million) if interventions of programs were carried out, and to 9.22% (23.2 million) if the programs were added with prevention of risk factors. The projected number of deaths due to diabetes increases from 433,752 in 2020 to 944,468 in 2045. Deaths due to stroke among diabetes increases from 52,397 to 114,092 in the same period. Deaths from IHD among diabetes increase from 35,351 to 76,974, and deaths from chronic kidney disease among diabetes increase from 29,061 to 63,279. Diabetes prevalence and mortality in Indonesia rise significantly in Indonesia and can be reduced by intervention of several programs and risk factors. This study findings could be source of planning and evaluation of Diabetes prevention and control program at national and provincial level in the future related to risk factors control and program development.
Islamic boarding schools (pesantren) have a risk of COVID-19 transmission. The pesantren learning system is generally carried out collectively and the interaction between teachers and students is almost 24 hours. This community service aims to empower pesantren in efforts to prevent and control COVID-19 so that they become a safe learning place from the spread of COVID-19. The design of this study was a case study on the empowerment of pesantren in the prevention and control of COVID-19. Study located at a traditional Islamic boarding school (salafiah) in Lebak Regency, Banten. The target of the study consists of pesantren leader, teachers (ustadz/ustadzah) and students (97 people), and community service partners consist of the sub-district Public Health Center and the sub district COVID-19 Task Force. The results of this study showed that controlling COVID-19 in pesantren requires the commitment of pesantren leaders through the establishment of pesantren COVID-19 task force and requires partnerships with relevant stakeholders. Health literacy needs to be improved especially the implementation of health protocols and information on clean and healthy living behavior. There were obstacles in handling COVID-19, especially: social distancing, infrastructure, and funding. This study recommended that the empowerment of pesantren residents (teachers and students) related to health literacy, and it is necessary to make people aware that COVID-19 is everyone's responsibility. The Government should pay serious attention to pesantren as boarding educational institutions where interaction between students is almost 24 hours, to prevent pesantren from becoming clusters of the spread of COVID-19.
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