A nonenzymatic electrochemical sensor with high efficiency and selectivity to determine sodium nitrite (NaNO 2 ) and histamine (HA) was prepared and thoroughly investigated. Cu-functionalized MOF material, denoted as Cu@UiO-67-BPY, was synthesized through the post-synthetic modification method of incorporating copper ions with UiO-67-BPY (BPY stands for 2,2′-bipyridine-5,5′-dicarboxylic acid), which enhances proton conductivity and electrochemical signals. The electrode was fabricated by mixing Cu@UiO-67-BPY and graphene oxide (GO), followed by electrochemical reduction of GO to ERG (electrochemically reduced graphene). The composite electrode Cu@UiO-67-BPY/ERG/GCE exhibits a synergistically enhanced electron transfer. XRD, SEM, and FT-IR illustrate that Cu@UiO-67-BPY and GO were mixed successfully. EIS proves that the synergistic enhancement promotes charge transfer on the composite electrode’s surface. CV studies show that the electrochemical sensor readily oxidizes NaNO 2 and effectively reduces the oxidation potential. DPV studies exhibit a broad linear response range for NaNO 2 and HA, with the detection limits being as low as 1.2 μ M and 0.595 μ M, respectively. The sensor displays good reproducibility, stability, and satisfying recovery in testing NaNO 2 and HA in actual samples. The study exhibits that copper-functionalized MOFs composite electrodes have great potential as an innovative platform for developing future high-performance electrochemical sensors.
To observe the clinical effects of Huanshao Capsules (HSC) combined with levocarnitine (LC) on asthenospermia, oligospermia, teratozoospermia, and the semen parameters of the patients.This randomized controlled clinical study included 186 infertility patients with spleen and kidney asthenia. We randomly divided them into three groups of equal number and treated them orally with HSC at the dose of 3 capsules tid, LC at 10 ml tid, and HSC+LC, respectively, all for 12 weeks. At 4, 8, and 12 weeks after treatment, we obtained the semen parameters from the patients and compared them among the three groups.Totally, 180 of the patients completed the study, 61 in the HSC, 59 in the LC and 60 in the HSC+LC group. After 12 weeks of medication, the patients of the HSC+LC group showed an increase of 42.77% in the semen volume, 142.37% in sperm concentration, 28.61% in sperm motility, and 24.39% in the percentage of grade a+b sperm and a decrease of 6.27% in the percentage of morphologically abnormal sperm as compared with the baseline (P <0.05). The patients treated with HSC+LC showed significantly more improvement in all the above parameters than those treated with LC alone (P <0.05) as well as in sperm motility and the percentage of progressively motile sperm than those treated with HSC alone (P <0.05). The HSC group exhibited remarkable improvement in the above parameters after treatment as compared with the baseline (P <0.05) and higher semen volume and sperm concentration than the LC group (P <0.05).Huanshao Capsulescombined with levocarnitinedeserves a wide clinical application as a safe and efficacious therapy forasthenospermia, oligospermia,and teratozoospermia.目的： 观察还少胶囊及其联合左卡尼汀口服液治疗少、弱、畸精子症的临床疗效及对精子参数的影响。方法： 采用随机对照的临床研究，将确诊的186例脾肾虚损型男性不育患者患者随机分为治疗组、对照组和联合治疗组，每组62例。治疗组给予还少胶囊治疗，每日3次，每次3粒；对照组给予左卡尼汀口服液治疗，每日3次，每次1支(10 ml)；联合用药组给予还少胶囊联合左卡尼汀口服液治疗，用法同上。3组均用药12周，随访3次，治疗后第4周、第8周、第12周分别检测两组精液质量（精液量、精子浓度、精子活率、前向运动精子百分率）及精子畸形率。结果： 180例患者完成了临床研究，治疗12周后，联合用药组精液量提高42.77%，精子浓度提高142.37%，精子活动率增加28.61%， 前向运动精子百分率增加24.39%，精子畸形率下降6.27%，与用药前相比都有显著提高，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。联合用药组在提高精液量、精子浓度、精子活率、前向运动精子百分率上优于对照组（P<0.05），在提高精子活率、前向运动精子百分率上优于治疗组（P<0.05）。治疗组用药后精液量、精子浓度、精子活率、前向运动精子百分率、精子畸形率与用药前相比都有显著提高，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05），治疗组在提高精液量和精子浓度上显著优于对照组（P<0.05）。结论: 还少胶囊联合左卡尼汀治疗少、弱、畸形精子症安全有效，值得临床推广。.
MOSFETs have been utilized in many applications for several electronic devices as switching power devices. However, the limited drain-source breakdown voltage makes it difficult to use one single MOSFET in high voltage power conversion systems. One of the attractive solutions to solve this issue is to connect MOSFETs in series, therefore, the applied voltage can be shared among the power devices to achieve higher efficiency and lower cost. Nonetheless, this circuit topology suffers from imbalance drain-source voltage (V DS ) sharing among the series connected MOSFETs. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the imbalance voltage distribution caused by varied characteristics components between 3 kinds of most commonly used MOSFETs-Si, SiC and GaN.
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of regulatory reform on the asset allocation and capitalization of Chinese banks from 2002 to 2007, a period following China's entry into the World Trade Organization (WTO). Design/methodology/approach – The evidence rejects a hypothesis that the four categories of banks operating in China – the Big Four, Majority State, Majority Private, and Majority Foreign banks have converged toward common targets. Supplemental analysis indicates that domestic banks, but not foreign banks, adjust equally to their targets. Findings – The paper concludes that, although Chinese banking remained segmented during this unique transitional period, a more uniform pattern has emerged for those Chinese banks that are domestically owned. Originality/value – The authors employ a methodology that is explicitly designed to determine if banks have converged toward common approaches to asset allocation and capitalization, which has not been studies previously.
The area of constrained clustering has been extensively explored by researchers and used by practitioners. Constrained clustering formulations exist for popular algorithms such as k-means, mixture models, and spectral clustering but have several limitations. A fundamental strength of deep learning is its flexibility, and here we explore a deep learning framework for constrained clustering and in particular explore how it can extend the field of constrained clustering. We show that our framework can not only handle standard together/apart constraints (without the well documented negative effects reported earlier) generated from labeled side information but more complex constraints generated from new types of side information such as continuous values and high-level domain knowledge. Furthermore, we propose an efficient training paradigm that is generally applicable to these four types of constraints. We validate the effectiveness of our approach by empirical results on both image and text datasets. We also study the robustness of our framework when learning with noisy constraints and show how different components of our framework contribute to the final performance. Our source code is available at $\href{https://github.com/blueocean92/deep_constrained_clustering}{\text{URL}}$.
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