Em 2019, na China, houve um surto de uma pneumonia de etiologia desconhecida. Diante disto, o governo chinês realizou uma investigação epidemiológica para identificação do agente causador, que veio a ser denominado SARS-CoV-2, um novo tipo de coronavírus, causador da enfermidade COVID-19. Os coronavírus fazem parte de uma grande família viral, que recebe esse nome devido às espículas que dão aspecto de coroa. Pertencem à ordem Nidovirales, família Coronaviridae e subfamília Orthocoronavirinae, sendo vírus RNA e assim com maiores predisposições a sofrerem mutações e possuem altos índices de transmissibilidade, com infecções podendo causar desde resfriados comuns até síndromes graves. Estudos evidenciaram uma semelhança de 96% do SARS-CoV-2 com o BAT-CoV, um coronavírus encontrado em morcegos. A COVID-19 se destacou na saúde pública, devido ao elevado número de casos em um curto período, eventualmente levando a uma pandemia. Na China, nos primeiros 30 dias foram confirmados 11821 casos, com 259 óbitos, e logo após foi constatado que o vírus havia se espalhado não somente na China, mas também em outros países. O tratamento é sintomático, e medidas preventivas preconizam o controle não medicamentoso, como isolamento, distanciamento social, higiene e uso de máscaras. Esta revisão tem como objetivo reunir informações relevantes sobre o agente etiológico e o perfil epidemiológico da enfermidade.
In 2019, China, there was a pneumonia outbreak of unknown etiology. Due to this, the chinese government conducted na epidemiological investigation in order to identify the causing agent, that came to be named SARS-CoV-2, a new type of coronavirus, originator of the COVID-19 disease. The coronaviruses are part of a big viral family, named after the viral spike, that resemble a crown. They belong to the Nidovirales order, Coronaviridae family and Orthocoronavirinae subfamily, they are also RNA viruses and thus being more predisposed to suffer mutations and possess high transmissibility rates, and infections being able to cause everything from a mild flu to serious syndromes. Studies have shown a 96% similarity between SARS-CoV-2 and BAT-CoV, a coronavirus found in bats. COVID-19 stood out in public health, due to the high number of cases in a short time, eventually leading to a pandemic. In China, on the first 30 days, 11821 cases were confirmed, with 259 deaths, and soon after this it was found that the virus had not just spread in China, but in other countries too. The treatment is symptomatic, and preventive measures advocate for non-drug control, like isolation, social distancing, hygiene and wearing masks. This review has the goal to compile relevant information about the etiological agent and the disease’s epidemiological profile.
The aim of this work was to report a case of a 12-year-old mongrel bitch, diagnosed with hiperadrenocorticism and concurrent diabetes mellitus, focusing on laboratory alterations. The hiperadrenocorticism is a cronical endocrinopathy that mainly affects elderly dogs, characterized by high cortisol concentrations in the blood flow, with predisposition to develop secondary diabetes mellitus. For an accurate diagnosis, in addition to physical examination, one must take advantage of laboratory tests, like blood count, serum biochemistry, ACTH induction and low-dose dexamethasone suppression test. Therapy is based on drugs that reduce the production of adrenal hormones and on the use of insulin to control blood glucose. In this report’s patient, the clinical signs were lethargy, distended abdomen, polyuria, polyphagia, polydipsia, skin atrophy, teleangiectasia and hyperstained mucous membranes. The main reported laboratory alterations were in the leukometry, with eosinopenia and limphopenia, in the erythrogram, with normocytic hypochromic anemia, in the serum biochemistry, with hypercholesterolemia and high levels of liver enzymes, in the abnormal elements and urinary sedimentoscopy analysis, with intense glucosuria, and in the low-dose dexamethasone suppression test, with high levels of cortisol. The patient showed improvement in the clinical picture after the start of the treatment and daily follow-up, by using trilostane, omega 3 and NPH insulin, however it came to die a few months later, probably due to insulin resistance. For a better prognosis, the importance of early hiperadrenocorticism diagnosis through laboratory tests should be considered, mainly in elderly patients, advocating for routine laboratory tests.