This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Methods for Grafting Coupling Agents from Aryl Diazonium Compounds Grafting Macromolecules to Surfaces through Aryl Layers Adhesion of Polymers to Surfaces through Aryl Layers Conclusion References
Les patients cirrhotiques sont à risque de développer une insuffisance rénale aigüe du fait des anomalies circulatoires inhérentes à leur maladie. Il s’agit ďune complication fréquente de la cirrhose sans que toutefois son incidence exacte soit connue. Elle induit une morbidité et une mortalité significative, justifiant que ľon s’y intéresse. Le but de cette étude est de préciser les connaissances actuelles relatives aux particularités diagnostiques et thérapeutiques de ľIRA au cours de la cirrhose, ainsi que sa prévalence et ses mécanismes. Recherche bibliographique et revue de la littérature en se référant aux bases de données médicales informatisées. Les mots clés utilisés étaient: insuffisance rénale aigüe, cirrhose, syndrome hépatorénal, diagnostic, traitement. Nous avons identifié une définition spécifique à ľinsuffisance rénale chez le cirrhotique, déterminé sa fréquence et ses principaux mécanismes. Nous avons proposé une stratégie diagnostique et thérapeutique devant la constatation ďune insuffisance rénale aigüe chez le cirrhotique. Ľinsuffisance rénale aigüe survient chez 20% des patients cirrhotiques, ses mécanismes sont principalement ďorigine pré-rénale ou secondaire à une nécrose tubulaire aigüe. En dehors du syndrome hépatorénal, peu ďétudes se sont intéressé au diagnostic et à la prise en charge de ľinsuffisance rénale aigüe chez le cirrhotique. Le traitement préventif et la prise en charge précoce adaptée au mécanisme permettent ďaméliorer le pronostic.
Because tobacco-related diseases are a growing health problem, we assessed tobacco smoking in Tunisia since 1970 using different sources. The average consumption of tobacco calculated over the period of 10 years (1981-90) was 1493 g per person and per year; equivalent of 75 packets of cigarettes. Cigarettes are the most popular form of tobacco smoking. Cigarette smoking increased from 1981 to 1993 but since has decreased slightly. According to a national study of respiratory diseases conducted in 1996, the current prevalence of tobacco smoking is 30.4% for both sexes: around 52% for males and 6% for females. Average consumption is 17.7 cigarettes/day, irrespective of sex. For young people, the prevalence is 29.21%: 50% for males and 3.9% for females. Young people who attend school smoke less than those who do not (18.1% versus 38.4%). Most started smoking between 14 years and 18 years.
The inaugural Advancing Chemical Safety and Security Education symposium was held at the 27th IUPAC International Conference on Chemistry Education (ICCE2024). Speakers showcased innovative strategies for seamlessly integrating security concepts into established safety programs, addressing specific needs of diverse academic institutions, and evaluating the effectiveness of different pedagogical approaches. This proceedings publication encapsulates insights from 11 oral presentations, 12 poster presentations, and panel discussions including key recommendations for future advancements in educating chemical safety and security education for academic and industry audiences.
Abstract In this work, four triazole‐based poly(ether‐pyridine)s polymers were synthesized and used as an adsorbent for the removal of phenolic compounds from aqueous solutions. For this purpose, new fluoromonomers containing 1,2,3‐triazole units were prepared by the Cu(I)‐catalyzed 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reaction and then used for the elaboration of novel poly(ether‐pyridine‐triazole)s (PEPTs) by direct polycondensation with isosorbide and bisphenol A. Chemical structure of fluorinated pyridinic monomers as well as resulting polymers was confirmed by 1 H and 19 F NMR spectroscopic methods. The thermal behavior of the obtained PEPTs was characterized using differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis. Results of sorption showed that polymers can be effectively used as a sorbent for the removal of polar organic pollutants. The isosorbide‐based poly(ether‐pyridine‐triazole) which contains hydrophilic hydroxyl groups as pendants chains (P4) exhibited the highest sorption efficiencies (78%–100% after 1 h). In order to explain the results an adsorption mechanism mainly based on π–π interactions and hydrogen bonding with the pendent groups is proposed.
Although they have been known for decades, the synthesis and polymerization of vinyl-1,2,3-triazoles have recently gained attention driven by the spectacular development of the copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition, the most widely applied example of the "click" chemistry philosophy. Indeed, a broad library of vinyl-1,2,3-triazole-based monomers and polymers carrying aliphatic, aromatic, heterocyclic or functional groups has been reported so far. However, their polymerization has been scarcely reported and is subjected to a broad development in the near future. This review describes the synthesis and polymerization of vinyl-1,2,3-triazole regioisomers with respect to emerging highly efficient, robust and orthogonal chemistries as well as properties of the resulting materials and their potential for the design of smart and stimuli-responsive macromolecular objects.
